UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
AUGUST 2, 2004
(Date of Report (date of earliest event reported))
CENDANT CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
1-10308 (Commission File No.) |
06-0918165 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
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9 WEST 57TH STREET NEW YORK, NY |
10019 (Zip Code) |
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(Address of principal executive office) |
(212) 413-1800
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
NONE
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
ITEM 5. OTHER EVENTS
EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY INDICATED OR UNLESS THE CONTEXT OTHERWISE REQUIRES, "CENDANT", "WE", "OUR", OR "US" MEANS CENDANT CORPORATION, A DELAWARE CORPORATION, AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES.
On June 25, 2004, we completed the initial public offering of 100% of the outstanding common stock of our then wholly-owned subsidiary, Jackson Hewitt Tax Service Inc. ("Jackson Hewitt"). Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets" ("SFAS No. 144") required us to present the account balances and activities of Jackson Hewitt as discontinued operations within our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2004 (including the comparable period for the prior year), which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on August 2, 2004. As a result of this revised presentation of Jackson Hewitt's account balances and activities, the rules and regulations of the SEC require us to update our previously issued annual financial statements and certain other financial information originally reported within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 ("Annual Report"). Therefore, this Current Report on Form 8-K updates Items 6, 7 and 8 of our Annual Report to recast the account balances and activities of Jackson Hewitt as discontinued operations and should be read in conjunction with our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2004 filed on May 3, 2004 and our Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2004 filed on August 2, 2004. Additionally, while certain other information has been revised to provide additional transparency, there has been no attempt, nor is there a requirement, to update disclosures through the most current date.
Items 6, 7 and 8 of our Annual Report are set forth on Exhibits 99.1, 99.2 and 99.3 hereto, respectively, and are incorporated by reference herein.
ITEM 7. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS
See Exhibit Index
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
CENDANT CORPORATION | ||||
By: |
/s/ VIRGINIA M. WILSON Virginia M. Wilson Executive Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer |
Date: August 2, 2004
CENDANT CORPORATION
CURRENT REPORT ON FORM 8-K
Report Dated August 2, 2004
Exhibit No. |
Description |
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23.1 |
Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP |
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99.1 |
Selected Financial Data |
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99.2 |
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
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99.3 |
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data |
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in Cendant Corporation's Registration Statement Nos. 333-11035, 333-17323, 333-17411, 333-20391, 333-23063, 333-26927, 333-35707, 333-35709, 333-45155, 333-45227, 333-49405, 333-78447, 333-86469, 333-51586, 333-59246, 333-65578, 333-65456, 333-65858, 333-83334, 333-84626, 333-86674 and 333-87464 on Form S-3 and Registration Statement Nos. 33-74066, 33-91658, 333-00475, 333-03237, 33-58896, 33-91656, 333-03241, 33-26875, 33-75682, 33-93322, 33-93372, 33-80834, 333-09633, 333-09637, 333-30649, 333-42503, 333-34517-2, 333-42549, 333-45183, 333-47537, 333-69505, 333-75303, 333-78475, 333-51544, 333-38638, 333-64738, 333-71250, 333-58670, 333-89686, 333-98933, 333-102059, 333-22003 and 333-114744 on Form S-8 of our report dated February 25, 2004 (April 29, 2004 as to the effects of the revised segment reporting structure described in Notes 1 and 27) and (July 30, 2004 as to the effects of the discontinued operations described in Note 1) (which report expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph with respect to the adoption of the fair value method of accounting for stock-based compensation and the consolidation provisions for variable interest entities in 2003, the non-amortization provisions for goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets in 2002, and the modification of the accounting treatment relating to securitization transactions and the accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities in 2001, and an explanatory paragraph with respect to the accounting for Jackson Hewitt as a discontinued operation) appearing in this current report on Form 8-K of Cendant Corporation.
/s/
Deloitte & Touche LLP
New York, New York
July 30, 2004
Exhibit 99.1
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
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At or For the Year Ended December 31, |
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2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
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(In millions, except per share data) |
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Results of Operations | |||||||||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 18,015 | $ | 14,025 | $ | 8,612 | $ | 4,257 | $ | 5,707 | |||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 1,430 | $ | 1,009 | $ | 330 | $ | 564 | $ | (299 | ) | ||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | 35 | (163 | ) | 93 | 94 | 244 | |||||||||||
Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | (293 | ) | | (38 | ) | (56 | ) | | |||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 1,172 | $ | 846 | $ | 385 | $ | 602 | $ | (55 | ) | ||||||
Per Share Data | |||||||||||||||||
CD Common Stock | |||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations: | |||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 1.41 | $ | 0.99 | $ | 0.36 | $ | 0.79 | $ | (0.40 | ) | ||||||
Diluted | 1.38 | 0.97 | 0.35 | 0.76 | (0.40 | ) | |||||||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations: | |||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 0.03 | $ | (0.16 | ) | $ | 0.11 | $ | 0.13 | $ | 0.33 | ||||||
Diluted | 0.03 | (0.16 | ) | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.33 | |||||||||||
Cumulative effect of accounting changes: | |||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | (0.29 | ) | $ | | $ | (0.05 | ) | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | | ||||
Diluted | (0.28 | ) | | (0.04 | ) | (0.08 | ) | | |||||||||
Net income (loss): | |||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 1.15 | $ | 0.83 | $ | 0.42 | $ | 0.84 | $ | (0.07 | ) | ||||||
Diluted | 1.13 | 0.81 | 0.41 | 0.81 | (0.07 | ) | |||||||||||
Financial Position |
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Total assets | $ | 39,072 | $ | 35,929 | $ | 33,579 | $ | 15,190 | $ | 15,412 | |||||||
Assets under management and mortgage programs | 17,593 | 15,180 | 12,054 | 2,999 | 2,805 | ||||||||||||
Total long-term debt, excluding Upper DECS | 5,139 | 5,601 | 6,132 | 1,948 | 2,845 | ||||||||||||
Upper DECS | 863 | 863 | 863 | | | ||||||||||||
Debt under management and mortgage programs (*) | 14,785 | 12,747 | 9,844 | 2,040 | 2,314 | ||||||||||||
Mandatorily redeemable preferred interest in a subsidiary | | 375 | 375 | 375 | | ||||||||||||
Mandatorily redeemable preferred securities issued by subsidiary holding solely senior debentures issued by the Company | | | | 1,683 | 1,478 | ||||||||||||
Stockholders' equity | 10,186 | 9,315 | 7,068 | 2,774 | 2,206 |
In presenting the financial data above in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported. See "Critical Accounting Policies" under Item 7 included elsewhere herein for a detailed discussion of the accounting policies that we believe require subjective and complex judgments that could potentially affect reported results.
During 2003, we consolidated a number of entities pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 46R, "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities," and/or as a result of amendments to the underlying structures of certain of the facilities we use to securitize assets. See Notes 2, 16 and 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed discussion of restructuring and other unusual charges recorded for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001. During 2000 and 1999, we recorded restructuring and other unusual charges of $109 million and $117 million, respectively. Additionally, in 1999 we recorded a charge of approximately $2.9 billion in connection with the settlement of our class action securities litigation. We also recorded net gains on the dispositions of businesses of approximately $1.1 billion during 1999 primarily related to the disposition of our former fleet businesses.
During 2002 and 2001, we completed a number of acquisitions, which materially impacted our results of operations and financial position. See Note 4 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed discussion of such acquisitions and the pro forma impact thereof on our results of operations. Additionally, during 2002 we adopted the non-amortization provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets." Accordingly, our results of operations for 2001, 2000 and 1999 reflect the amortization of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, while our results of operations for 2003 and 2002 do not reflect such amortization. See Note 5Intangible Assets to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a pro forma disclosure depicting our results of operations during 2001 after applying the non-amortization provisions of SFAS No. 142.
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax includes the after tax results of Jackson Hewitt Tax Service Inc. for all periods presented and the after tax results of National Car Parks for 2002, 2001, 2000 and 1999, as well as the after tax loss on disposal of NCP in 2002 and the after tax gain on disposal of Cendant Software Corporation in 1999 ($174 million). See Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for detailed information regarding the discontinued operation presentation for Jackson Hewitt and NCP.
Exhibit 99.2
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Business Section and our Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes thereto included elsewhere herein. Unless otherwise noted, all dollar amounts are in millions and those relating to our results of operations are presented before taxes.
We are one of the foremost providers of travel and real estate services in the world. Our businesses provide consumer and business services primarily in the travel and real estate services industries, which are intended to complement one another and create cross-marketing opportunities both within and among our following six business segments.
Our management team is committed to building long-term value through operational excellence. Historically, a significant portion of our growth had been generated through strategic acquisitions of businesses that have strengthened our position in the travel and real estate services industries and furthered our strategy of building a hedged and diversified portfolio of businesses. Now that we have assembled our vertically integrated portfolio of businesses, we have sharply curtailed the pace of acquisitions and have emphasized organic growth and cash flow generation as principal objectives in achieving operational excellence and building long-term value. In 2003, our spending on new acquisitions aggregated only $149 million in cash. Although we remain highly disciplined in our acquisition activity, we may augment organic growth through the select acquisition of (or possible joint venture with) complementary businesses primarily in the real estate and travel services industries. We expect to fund the purchase price of any such acquisition with cash generated by our core operations and/or available lines of credit.
We also routinely review and evaluate our portfolio of existing businesses to determine if they continue to meet our growth objectives and, from time to time, engage in discussions concerning possible divestitures, joint ventures and related corporate transactions to redirect our portfolio of businesses to achieve company-wide objectives. On June 25, 2004, we completed an initial public offering ("IPO") for the sale of 100% of our ownership interest in Jackson Hewitt Tax Service Inc., a then wholly-owned subsidiary. Jackson Hewitt is an operator and franchisor of tax preparation systems and services. We received $777 million of cash from the IPO. See Note 1 to Consolidated Financial Statements for a more detailed discussion.
We are steadfast in our commitment to deploy our cash to increase shareholder value. To this end, in late 2002, we initiated a corporate debt reduction program with the goal of decreasing our outstanding corporate indebtedness by $2 billion. We completed the first phase of this program during first quarter 2003, which was to replace current maturities of corporate indebtedness with longer-term debt, and we are well into the second phase of the program where as of December 31, 2003 we have already reduced our
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outstanding corporate indebtedness by over $800 million. We further reduced our outstanding indebtedness by $430 million in February 2004 as a result of the conversion of our zero coupon senior convertible notes. We intend to use the cash that otherwise would have been used to redeem these notes to repurchase a corresponding number of shares of our CD common stock in the open market. We also plan to use call provisions and maturities wherever possible rather than paying a significant premium to repurchase our debt in the open market. See "Liquidity and Capital ResourcesFinancial Obligations" for more information regarding our corporate indebtedness. During 2003, we repurchased approximately 64.5 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $17.04 and through February 27, 2004, we repurchased another 20.7 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $22.79. Beginning in first quarter 2004, we will return additional value to our shareholders through the payment of a quarterly cash dividend of seven cents per share (28 cents per share annually) and, while no assurances can be given, we expect to increase this dividend over time as our earnings and cash flow grow.
While the war in Iraq, SARS and other factors dampened organic growth in our travel-related businesses in 2003, we have demonstrated our ability to achieve organic earnings and cash flow growth for the company as a whole, particularly due to the strong operating results within our real estate services businesses, which benefited from greater mortgage loan refinancing activity and increased home sales volume across both our franchised and owned brokerage operations. Although no assurances can be given, we currently believe that a decrease in mortgage refinancing activity resulting from an expected rise in interest rates during 2004 should be more than offset by organic growth in our other businesses. We also expect that organic growth will benefit in the future from our ongoing investment in technology and from cross-selling opportunities across the company.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS2003 vs. 2002
Our consolidated results from continuing operations comprised the following:
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2003 |
2002 |
Change |
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Net revenues | $ | 18,015 | $ | 14,025 | $ | 3,990 | |||
Total expenses | 15,842 | 12,478 | 3,364 | ||||||
Income before income taxes, minority interest and equity in Homestore | 2,173 | 1,547 | 626 | ||||||
Provision for income taxes | 722 | 516 | 206 | ||||||
Minority interest, net of tax | 21 | 22 | (1) | ||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 1,430 | $ | 1,009 | $ | 421 | |||
Net revenues and total expenses increased approximately $4.0 billion (28%) and $3.4 billion (27%), respectively, during 2003 principally due to the acquisitions of the following businesses, which contributed revenues and expenses (including depreciation and amortization expense) for the period January 1, 2003 through the anniversary date of the acquisition (the "Pre-Anniversary" period) as follows:
Acquired Business |
Date of Acquisition |
Pre-Anniversary Net Revenues |
Pre-Anniversary Total Expenses |
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NRT Incorporated (a) | April 2002 | $ | 1,023 | $ | 1,072 | |||
Trendwest Resorts, Inc. (b) | April 2002 | 169 | 150 | |||||
Net assets of Budget Group, Inc. (c) | November 2002 | 1,585 | 1,610 | |||||
Total Contributions | $ | 2,777 | $ | 2,832 | ||||
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The above table reflects the net revenues and total expenses of the NRT, Trendwest and Budget businesses from January 1, 2003 to the anniversary date of our acquisitions thereof and, for NRT and Trendwest, are not indicative of the full year operating results contributed by these businesses. The amounts for NRT reflect the seasonality of the real estate brokerage business whereby the operating results are typically weakest in the early part of the calendar year and strengthen in the second and third quarters (which are not reflected in the above amounts, as NRT was acquired on April 17, 2002). The amounts for Budget include acquisition and integration-related costs, which were substantially incurred in the first year following the acquisition date; however, the benefits resulting from such costs are not realized until future periods. The integration of Budget represents a significant growth opportunity in future periods and is proceeding according to plan.
In addition to the contributions made by the aforementioned acquired businesses, revenues and expenses also increased during 2003 from (i) organic growth in our real estate services businesses, especially our real estate brokerage and mortgage businesses (even after adjusting for the $275 million non-cash provision for impairment of our mortgage servicing rights asset, which we recorded in 2002 and discuss in greater detail below under "Mortgage Services") and (ii) the consolidation of Trilegiant Corporation, which contributed incremental revenues and expenses (after elimination entries) of $200 million and $205 million, respectively. The growth in our mortgage and real estate brokerage businesses also contributed to the increase in total expenses, as we incurred additional expenses to support the continued high level of mortgage loan production, related servicing activities and home sale transactions. The increases in total expenses were partially offset by a reduction of $231 million in acquisition and integration related costs primarily due to the amortization in 2002 of the pendings and listings intangible asset acquired as part of the acquisition of NRT, which was amortized over the closing period of the underlying contracts (approximately five months). In addition, total expenses benefited by a $92 million reduction in litigation and related charges. Our overall effective tax rate decreased to 33.2% for 2003 from 33.4% for 2002 primarily due to the utilization of capital loss carryforwards and lower taxes on foreign earnings, partially offset by an increase in state taxes, taxes on the redemption of our $375 million mandatorily redeemable preferred interest and other non-deductible items. As a result of the above-mentioned items, income from continuing operations increased $421 million (42%).
Discussed below are the results of operations for each of our reportable segments. Management evaluates the operating results of each of our reportable segments based upon revenue and "EBITDA," which is defined as income from continuing operations before non-program related depreciation and amortization, non-program related interest, amortization of pendings and listings, income taxes, minority interest and, in 2001, losses related to equity in Homestore. On January 1, 2003, we changed the performance measure we use to evaluate the operating results of our reportable segments and, as such, the information presented below for 2002 has been revised to reflect this change. Additionally, on January 1, 2004, we changed our segment reporting structure in order to continue to improve the transparency of our financial results. We now report our mortgage and settlement services businesses as a separate reportable operating segment, Mortgage Services, and the remainder of our former Real Estate Services segment is reported as the Real Estate Franchise and Operations segment. Also, in connection with the IPO of Jackson Hewitt on June 25, 2004, we changed the name of our former Financial Services segment to the Marketing Services segment to reflect the integration of our domestic and international membership and insurance marketing businesses
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and the divestiture of Jackson Hewitt. Our presentation of EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies.
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Revenues |
EBITDA |
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2003 |
2002 |
% Change |
2003 |
2002 |
% Change |
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Real Estate Franchise and Operations | $ | 5,258 | $ | 3,950 | 33 | % | $ | 892 | $ | 802 | 11 | % | ||||||
Mortgage Services | 1,483 | 750 | 98 | 380 | 30 | 1,167 | ||||||||||||
Hospitality Services | 2,523 | 2,180 | 16 | 633 | 625 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Travel Distribution Services | 1,659 | 1,695 | (2) | 459 | 526 | (13) | ||||||||||||
Vehicle Services | 5,851 | 4,274 | 37 | 442 | 408 | 8 | ||||||||||||
Marketing Services | 1,224 | 1,163 | 5 | 296 | 371 | (20) | ||||||||||||
Total Reportable Segments | 17,998 | 14,012 | 28 | 3,102 | 2,762 | 12 | ||||||||||||
Corporate and Other (a) | 17 | 13 | * | (38 | ) | (200) | * | |||||||||||
Total Company |
$ |
18,015 |
$ |
14,025 |
28 |
% |
3,064 |
2,562 |
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Less: Non-program related depreciation and amortization |
507 |
455 |
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Non-program related interest expense, net | 306 | 262 | ||||||||||||||||
Early extinguishment of debt | 58 | 42 | ||||||||||||||||
Amortization of pendings and listings | 20 | 256 | ||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes, minority interest and equity in Homestore |
$ | 2,173 | $ | 1,547 | ||||||||||||||
Real Estate Franchise and Operations
Revenues and EBITDA increased $1,308 million (33%) and $90 million (11%), respectively, in 2003 compared with 2002, reflecting growth across all of our real estate businesses.
We acquired NRT (inclusive of its settlement services business, which is now included in our settlement services business within the Mortgage Services segment) on April 17, 2002 and, in addition, NRT acquired real estate brokerage businesses subsequent to our ownership. The operating results of NRT and its significant acquisitions were included from their acquisition dates forward and, therefore, contributed $957 million of revenues and an EBITDA decline of $26 million during the Pre-Anniversary period in 2003 (does not include the operating results of NRT's settlement services business, which is reported within the Mortgage Services segment). The EBITDA decline is reflective of the seasonality of the real estate brokerage business, whereby the operating results are typically weakest in the early part of the calendar year and strengthen in the second and third quarters.
Excluding the impact of NRT's brokerage acquisitions, NRT generated incremental net revenues of $366 million, a 12% increase in the comparable post-acquisition periods in 2003 versus 2002. The increase in NRT's revenues was substantially comprised of incremental commission income on home sale transactions, primarily due to a 10% increase in the average price of homes sold. Real estate agent commission expenses also increased $180 million as a result of the incremental revenues earned on home sale transactions.
Our real estate franchise business generated $429 million of royalty and marketing fund revenues during 2003 as compared with $443 million in 2002. The 2002 amount includes $66 million of revenues received from NRT, our wholly-owned real estate brokerage firm, prior to our acquisition on April 17, 2002, at which time NRT was our largest franchisee. Excluding the impact of the acquisition, royalty and marketing fund revenues increased $52 million (14%), which was principally driven by a 7% increase in volume of
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home sale transactions and a 9% increase in the average price of homes sold. NRT continues to pay royalties and marketing fund fees to our real estate franchise business. However, these intercompany royalties and marketing fund fees for the period April 17, 2002 through December 31, 2002 and for the entire fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, which approximated $208 million and $299 million, respectively, are eliminated in consolidation and therefore have no impact on this segment's revenues or EBITDA.
Revenue within this segment also benefited by a change during 2003 in the presentation of a revenue stream generated by our relocation business to conform to the presentation used by similar larger-scale businesses within our Mortgage Services segment. Such change resulted in an increase of $17 million in revenues. There was no impact to EBITDA from this change in presentation.
Prior to our acquisition of NRT in 2002, NRT paid our real estate franchise business $9 million in real estate referral fees and a $16 million termination fee related to a franchise agreement under which NRT operated brokerage offices under our ERA real estate brand. We also had a preferred stock investment in NRT that generated dividend income of $10 million in 2002 before we acquired NRT.
Excluding the impact from our acquisition of NRT, NRT's significant acquisitions and NRT's real estate agent commission expenses (discussed above), operating and administrative expenses within this segment increased approximately $37 million compared to 2002 primarily due to increased home sale transactions.
Mortgage Services
Revenues and EBITDA increased $733 million (98%) and $350 million, respectively, in 2003 compared
with 2002 principally due to a significant increase in mortgage loan production, which was partially offset by an increase in amortization of the mortgage servicing rights ("MSR") asset as
comparatively lower interest rates during 2003 resulted in record levels of mortgage refinancing activity.
Revenues from mortgage loan production increased $433 million (49%) in 2003 compared with the prior year and were derived from growth in our fee-based mortgage origination operations (in which we broker or are outsourced mortgage origination activity for a fee) and a 56% increase in the volume of loans that we sold. We sold $59.5 billion of mortgage loans in 2003 compared with $38.1 billion in 2002, generating incremental production revenues of $330 million. In addition, production revenues generated from our fee-based mortgage origination activity increased $103 million (41%) as compared with 2002. Production fee income on fee-based loans is generated at the time of closing, whereas originated mortgage loans held for sale generate revenues at the time of sale (within 60 days after closing). Accordingly, our production revenue in any given period is driven by a mix of mortgage loans closed and mortgage loans sold. Total mortgage loans closed increased $24.4 billion (41%) to $83.7 billion in 2003, comprised of a $21.9 billion (57%) increase in closed loans to be securitized (sold by us) and a $2.5 billion (12%) increase in closed loans that were fee-based. Refinancings increased $18.1 billion (59%) to $48.7 billion and purchase mortgage closings grew $6.3 billion (22%) to $35.0 billion.
Net revenues from servicing mortgage loans increased $112 million primarily due to the absence in 2003 of a $275 million non-cash provision for impairment of our MSR asset recorded in 2002. Declines in interest rates at such time resulted in increases to our current and estimated future loan prepayment rates and a corresponding provision for impairment against the value of our MSR asset. Apart from this impairment charge, net servicing revenues declined $163 million primarily due to a period-over-period increase in MSR amortization and provision for impairment (recorded as a contra revenue) of $246 million, partially offset by $48 million of incremental gains from hedging and other derivative activities. The increase in MSR amortization and provision for impairment is a result of the high levels of refinancings and related mortgage loan prepayments that occurred in 2003 due to low mortgage interest rates during 2003. The incremental gains from hedging and other derivative activities resulted from our strategies to protect earnings in the event that there was a decline in the value of our MSR asset, which can be caused by, among other factors, reductions in interest rates, as such reductions tend to increase borrower prepayment activity. In addition, recurring servicing fees (fees received for servicing existing loans in the portfolio),
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increased $33 million (8%) driven by a 16% period-over-period increase in the average servicing portfolio, which rose to $122.9 billion in 2003.
Interest rates have risen from their lows in the earlier part of 2003 and, as a result, in fourth quarter 2003 mortgage refinancing volume and resulting net production revenues comparatively declined. This decline in mortgage production revenues has been partially offset by an increase in revenues from mortgage servicing activities. Assuming interest rates remain constant or continue to rise, although no assurances can be given, we expect this trend (lower production revenue, partially offset by increased servicing revenue, net of hedging and other derivative activity) to continue during 2004. Historically, mortgage production and mortgage servicing operations have been counter-cyclical in nature and represented a naturally offsetting relationship. Additionally, to supplement this relationship, we have maintained a comprehensive, non-speculative mortgage risk management program to further mitigate the impact of fluctuations in interest rates on our operating results.
Revenues also benefited from our acquisition of NRT's settlement services business on April 17, 2002. The operating results of NRT's settlement services business were included from the acquisition date forward and, therefore, contributed $66 million of revenues and $5 million of EBITDA during the Pre-Anniversary period. Additionally, during 2003, we merged our pre-existing settlement services businesses with and into the larger-scale settlement services business of NRT (both of which are included in this segment). Upon combining such businesses, we changed certain accounting presentations used by our pre-existing businesses to conform to the presentations used by NRT. Such change resulted in an increase of $53 million in revenues. Excluding the acquisition of NRT's settlement services business and this change in presentation, our settlement services business generated incremental revenues of $65 million compared with 2002. Title, appraisal and other closing fees all increased due to higher volumes, consistent with the growth in the mortgage origination markets through the first nine months of 2003, as well as cross-selling initiatives.
Operating and administrative expenses within this segment increased approximately $261 million compared to 2002 primarily due to the direct costs incurred in connection with increased mortgage loan production and related servicing activities.
Hospitality Services
Revenues and EBITDA increased $343 million (16%) and $8 million (1%), respectively, in 2003 compared with 2002. We completed the acquisitions of Trendwest, a leading vacation ownership
company, in June 2002 (90% was acquired in April 2002); Equivest Finance, Inc. in February 2002; and several European vacation rental companies during 2002. The operating
results of the acquired companies were included from the acquisition dates forward and therefore were incremental for the portions of 2003 that were pre-acquisition periods in 2002.
Accordingly, Trendwest, Equivest, and the acquired vacation rental companies contributed incremental revenues of $169 million, $8 million and $53 million, respectively, and EBITDA
of $23 million, $2 million and $15 million, respectively, in 2003 compared with 2002. In February 2003, we acquired the common interests of FFD Development Company, LLC
("FFD"), the primary developer of timeshare inventory for our Fairfield Resorts subsidiary. The operating results of FFD were included from the acquisition date forward and were not significant to our
segment results subsequent to our acquisition. Prior to our acquisition, we owned a preferred stock investment in FFD, which accrued a dividend, and we also received additional fees from FFD for
providing various support services. Accordingly, prior to our acquisition, FFD contributed revenues and EBITDA of $16 million and $4 million, respectively, to 2002 results.
Excluding the impact from acquisitions described above, revenues in 2003 increased $129 million (6%) while EBITDA declined $28 million (5%) and the EBITDA margin (EBITDA as a percentage of revenues) dropped from 29% in 2002 to 25% in 2003. The reduction in EBITDA margin was driven principally by a shift in the mix of business operations comprising segment results in 2003 compared with 2002 and a reduction in travel demand during 2003 due to the military conflict in Iraq as well as economic pressures, which contributed to suppressing volumes within certain of our hospitality businesses.
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Despite a challenging travel environment, revenues from sales of vacation ownership interests ("VOIs") in our timeshare sales and marketing business increased $103 million in 2003, an 11% increase over 2002. This increase was driven primarily by a 4% increase in tour flow and a 3% increase in the average revenue generated per tour at our timeshare resort sites. The growth in our timeshare sales and marketing businesses positively impacted the segment results and also contributed to a lower year-over-year segment EBITDA margin, as this business typically operates with lower margins than our lodging franchise and timeshare exchange businesses, which have greater operating leverage. Net interest income generated from the financing extended to VOI buyers decreased $8 million as the effects of growth in the loan portfolio were more than offset by the impact of consolidating our principal timeshare securitization structure in September 2003 and, at such time, no longer recording gains on the sale of receivables to such entity (see Note 16 to our Consolidated Financial Statements). Timeshare subscription and exchange fee revenues within our timeshare exchange business increased $36 million (8%), primarily due to a 13% increase in the average fee per exchange, which was partially offset by a 3% reduction in the volume of exchange transactions. The increase in the average exchange fee includes a favorable yield on increased rentals of excess RCI vacation interval inventory to RCI members in 2003 compared with 2002.
Royalties and marketing and reservation fund revenues within our lodging franchise operations declined $8 million (2%) in 2003 due to a 5% decline in the number of weighted average rooms available following our decision to terminate from our franchise system certain properties that were not meeting required standards. However, such quality control initiatives also contributed to an increase in the occupancy levels and average daily room rates at our lodging brands, and, as a result, revenue per available room increased 2% period-over-period and partially offset the impact on royalties from the reduction in available rooms. Our lodging franchise business and our franchisees were unfavorably impacted by the weaker travel environment, as previously discussed, and as a result, during 2003, we recorded an incremental $6 million of non-cash expenses related to the doubtful collectability of certain franchisee receivables. In addition, although revenues and EBITDA were nominally impacted on a consolidated basis, preferred alliance revenues within this segment declined $19 million in 2003 due to a change in the allocation of such revenues. Revenues received from preferred vendors in 2002 substantially benefited the Hospitality Services segment whereas in 2003, the benefits of such revenues extended to business units within other reportable segments. Excluding acquisitions, operating and administrative expenses within this segment increased approximately $130 million in 2003 principally due to increased timeshare sales-related expenses, including marginal expense increases on higher sales volumes, higher product costs on developed timeshare inventory and an increased investment in marketing spending to enhance tour flow.
Travel Distribution Services
Revenues and EBITDA declined $36 million (2%) and $67 million (13%), respectively, in 2003 compared with 2002. Our Travel Distribution Services segment derives revenue from
(i) Galileo booking fees paid by travel suppliers for electronic global distribution and computer reservation services ("GDS"), (ii) fees and commissions for retail travel services
provided by Cendant Travel, Cheap Tickets and Lodging.com and (iii) transaction and other fees from providing travel distribution services. Like other industry participants, this segment was
unfavorably impacted by weak global travel demand during 2003. Travel demand in 2003 was negatively affected by various factors, including the military conflict in Iraq and terrorist threat alerts,
continuing economic pressures and SARS concerns in the Asia-Pacific region and other parts of the world. Such factors suppressed bookings and revenues across our travel distribution
businesses, but primarily impacted international travel volumes.
Galileo worldwide air booking fees decreased $71 million (6%) primarily due to a 10% decline in international GDS booking volumes, partially offset by domestic GDS booking volumes, which stabilized in 2003 compared with 2002. Galileo acquired certain European national distribution companies ("NDCs") during 2002. NDCs are independent organizations that market and sell Galileo global distribution and computer reservation services to travel agents and other subscribers. The NDC acquisitions contributed incremental subscriber fee revenues and EBITDA of $29 million and $12 million, respectively, in 2003.
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During the summer of 2002, we also acquired two other companies that supply reservation and distribution services to the hospitality industry. The operating results of such companies were included from the acquisition dates forward and collectively contributed revenue of $24 million with a nominal EBITDA impact during 2003.
In April 2003, we completed the acquisition of Trip Network Inc., an online travel agent that operated the online travel services business of Cheap Tickets. From the acquisition date forward, Trip Network generated $30 million of revenues and had an EBITDA loss of $23 million in 2003. In addition, principally as a result of our ownership of Trip Network, an incremental $15 million of intercompany segment revenues were eliminated in 2003, most of which were Trip Network revenues earned from Galileo for airline bookings made by Trip Network using Galileo's GDS System. Our online booking volumes grew 58% in 2003 compared with 2002, primarily due to (i) a shift in travel bookings from the traditional off-line channels to online channels, (ii) an increase in online travel bookings; and (iii) increased merchant model hotel bookings where we, as a travel distributor, obtain access to content from travel suppliers at a pre-determined price and sell the content, either individually or in a package, to travelers at retail prices that we determine with little or no risk of inventory loss. Additionally, revenues from our off-line travel agency business declined $24 million in 2003, as we accelerated our shift to the online channel. The results of our online and off-line travel agency operations are reflective of the general industry decline in travel demand during 2003, as previously discussed, reductions in commission rates paid by airlines, the lack of reduced-rate air inventory availability and a decline in travel-related clubs (which we service). Such results also reflect our investment in the marketing and administration of our online travel services business, which we believe represents a significant opportunity for future growth.
The EBITDA impact of lower GDS and travel agency revenues was partially offset by a corresponding decline in variable expenses, reductions in retiree medical costs as a result of post-retirement plan amendments and other net reductions in operating expenses from segment-wide re-engineering and cost containment initiatives implemented in 2002 and 2003. These operating expense reductions helped mitigate the negative impact of the weak travel environment that existed during 2003. Additionally, EBITDA in 2003 was favorably impacted by $8 million in connection with a contract termination settlement during first quarter 2003.
Vehicle Services
Revenues and EBITDA increased $1,577 million (37%) and $34 million (8%), respectively, in 2003 compared with 2002 primarily due to our November 2002 acquisition of substantially
all of the domestic assets, as well as selected international operations, of the vehicle rental business of Budget Group, Inc. Budget's operating results, including integration costs, were
included from the acquisition date forward and contributed incremental revenues of $1,585 million with an EBITDA decline of $2 million in 2003. Excluding the impact of Budget, segment
revenues declined $8 million (less than 1%), while EBITDA increased $36 million (9%) in 2003, which is primarily attributable to reduced car rental demand, offset by increased pricing,
at Avis and favorable results at our Wright Express fuel card services subsidiary.
Avis domestic car rental revenues declined $91 million (4%) in 2003 compared with 2002. The net reduction in domestic car rental revenues at Avis was primarily due to a 7% period-over-period reduction in the total number of car rental days. This was partially offset by a 2% increase in time and mileage revenue per rental day reflecting an increase in pricing, which has minimal associated incremental costs. In addition, EBITDA, period-over-period, includes favorable program-related interest costs of $33 million on the financing of vehicles due to lower interest rates and $35 million of lower program-related depreciation expense on vehicles due to a different mix of vehicles in Avis' fleet bearing a lower cost in 2003 compared with 2002. This favorable impact on EBITDA was substantially offset by incremental vehicle-related net expenses and other operating costs. The increase in net expenses includes incremental maintenance and damage costs, higher vehicle license and registration fees and unfavorable conditions in the used car market in 2003 compared with 2002 for vehicles that did not meet the eligibility criteria under our manufacturers repurchase program. However, the percentage of Avis' fleet that was determined ineligible
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for manufacturer repurchase decreased to 1.7% in 2003 from 2.7% in 2002. Revenues from Avis' international operations increased $60 million due to increased transaction volume and the favorable impact to revenues of exchange rates in Canada, Australia and New Zealand, which was principally offset in EBITDA by the unfavorable impact on expenses.
Wright Express, our fuel card services subsidiary, recognized incremental revenues of $30 million (24%) in 2003 compared with the prior year. The organic growth was driven by a combination of the addition of new customers and an increase in usage of Wright Express' proprietary fleet fuel card product. Higher gasoline prices also contributed to the revenue growth, since Wright Express earns a percentage of total gasoline purchases by its clients.
Marketing Services
Revenues increased $61 million (5%) and EBITDA declined $75 million (20%) in 2003 compared with 2002. Effective July 1, 2003, pursuant to the provisions of FASB Interpretation
No. 46 ("FIN 46"), we consolidated Trilegiant. Trilegiant (on a stand-alone basis before elimination of intercompany transactions with our retained membership business) contributed
revenues of $241 million and an EBITDA loss of $8 million subsequent to consolidation in 2003. Apart from the consolidation of Trilegiant, revenues and EBITDA declined
$180 million and $67 million, respectively, reflecting, as expected, the continued attrition of the membership base retained by us in connection with the outsourcing of our individual
membership business to Trilegiant. However, the unfavorable impact of reduced revenues on EBITDA was mitigated by a net reduction in expenses from servicing fewer members. A smaller membership base
resulted in a net revenue reduction of $194 million (net of $26 million of increased royalty income from Trilegiant), which was partially offset in EBITDA by net favorable membership
operating and marketing expenses of $111 million. As a result of the consolidation of Trilegiant, we eliminated $34 million of intercompany revenues within this segment in 2003, which
was substantially comprised of royalty and lease payments made from Trilegiant to our pre-existing membership business subsequent to the consolidation of Trilegiant on July 1, 2003.
For a more detailed discussion of our relationship with Trilegiant and the consolidation thereof as a result of FIN 46, see Note 23 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Additionally, in January 2004, we made modifications to the existing relationship with Trilegiant. See Note 30 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed account of such
modifications.
Partially offsetting the impact of the attrition in our retained membership business was growth in our insurance-wholesale-related operations and the favorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates on the revenues of our international membership business (which was principally offset in EBITDA by the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rates on expenses). Revenues from insurance-wholesale-related operations increased $13 million as a result of favorable claims experience period-over-period and increased insurance premium collections. Additionally, in second quarter 2003, we ceased marketing and selling new long-term care policies within our long-term preferred care business, but will continue servicing the existing in-force block of policy holders. This resulted in a reduction in revenue of $9 million with a nominal impact to EBITDA. In 2003, EBITDA was also impacted by a $7 million charge for actions taken in third quarter 2003 at our international membership business, which included the closure and consolidation of certain facilities and a reduction in staff in the United Kingdom.
Corporate and Other
Revenues and EBITDA increased $4 million and $162 million, respectively, in 2003 compared with 2002. Revenues and EBITDA in 2003 include a $30 million gain in connection with the
sale of our equity investment in Entertainment Publication, Inc. during first quarter 2003. Also, we earned revenues in both 2003 and 2002 in connection with credit card marketing programs
whereby we earn revenues based on a percentage of credit card spending. Additionally, we recognized expenses as cardholders earned points based on credit card usage. We generated $20 million of
incremental revenues and incurred $19 million of additional point-related liabilities during 2003 in connection with these programs. Partially offsetting the revenue increases were
$42 million of incremental intersegment revenue eliminations in 2003 due to increased intercompany business activities.
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EBITDA was favorable year-over-year principally due to a $92 million net reduction in securities-related litigation charges (litigation charges less insurance recoveries) in 2003 compared with 2002 principally as a result of the absence in 2003 of litigation settlements and accruals established in 2002 in connection with all remaining CUC-related securities litigation. Also contributing to the favorable EBITDA change was a $33 million reduction in bonus expenses and other incentive-based compensation. In addition, EBITDA was favorably impacted by a greater absorption of overhead expenses by our reportable operating segments during 2003 compared with 2002 principally due to revenue growth at our business units (expenses are allocated on a percentage of revenue basis) and expense allocations in 2003 to companies acquired during 2002. Partially offsetting favorable EBITDA was a $10 million accrual recorded in 2003 to revise our original estimate of costs to exit a facility in connection with the previous outsourcing of our data center operations.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS2002 vs. 2001
Our consolidated results from continuing operations comprised the following:
|
2002 |
2001 |
Change |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Net revenues | $ | 14,025 | $ | 8,612 | $ | 5,413 | ||||
Total expenses | 12,478 | 7,950 | 4,528 | |||||||
Gains on dispositions of businesses | | 443 | (443 | ) | ||||||
Losses on dispositions of businesses | | (26 | ) | 26 | ||||||
Impairment of investments | | (441 | ) | 441 | ||||||
Income before income taxes, minority interest and equity in Homestore | 1,547 | 638 | 909 | |||||||
Provision for income taxes | 516 | 207 | 309 | |||||||
Minority interest, net of tax | 22 | 24 | (2 | ) | ||||||
Losses related to equity in Homestore, net of tax | | 77 | (77 | ) | ||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 1,009 | $ | 330 | $ | 679 | ||||
Net revenues and total expenses increased approximately $5.4 billion and approximately $4.5 billion, respectively, during 2002 primarily due to the acquisitions of the following businesses, which contributed revenues and expenses (including depreciation and amortization expense) for the relative Pre-Anniversary periods as follows:
Acquired Business |
|
Date of Acquisition |
Pre-Anniversary Net Revenues |
Pre-Anniversary Total Expenses |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Avis Group Holdings, Inc. | March 2001 | $ | 575 | $ | 582 | ||||||
Fairfield Resorts, Inc. | April 2001 | 137 | 123 | ||||||||
Galileo International, Inc. | October 2001 | 1,199 | 852 | ||||||||
NRT (a) | April 2002 | 3,034 | 2,881 | (b) | |||||||
Trendwest | April 2002 | 348 | 289 | (c) | |||||||
Net asset of Budget Group, Inc. | November 2002 | 164 | 162 | ||||||||
Total Contributions | $ | 5,457 | $ | 4,889 | |||||||
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In addition to the contributions made by acquired businesses, net revenues were favorably impacted by growth in our Real Estate Franchise and Operations, Mortgage Services and Vehicle Services segments (exclusive of acquisitions), which also contributed to the increase in total expenses as we incurred additional expenses to support this growth. Further contributing to the increase in total expenses is $173 million of additional acquisition and integration related charges recorded during 2002see Note 4 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed discussion of acquisition and integration related charges recorded in 2002 and 2001. Partially offsetting the increase in total expenses recorded during 2002 was a $392 million reduction in restructuring and other unusual chargessee Note 10 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed discussion of restructuring and other unusual charges recorded during 2002 and 2001.
Additionally, our 2001 operating results were impacted by gains and losses related to the dispositions of businesses, as well as by losses related to the impairment of investments, while our 2002 results were not impacted by such events. During 2001, these events resulted in (i) $443 million of gains primarily related to the sale of our real estate Internet portal ($436 million), (ii) $26 million of losses related to the dispositions of non-strategic businesses and (iii) $441 million of losses related to the impairment of our investments in Homestore, Inc. ($407 million) and lodging and Internet-related businesses ($34 million).
Our overall effective tax rate was 33.4% and 32.4% for 2002 and 2001, respectively. The effective rate for 2002 was higher due to the negative impact of a reduction in the amount of foreign tax credits and state net operating losses that were utilized, which were only partially offset by the benefit from the impact on the tax provision from the elimination of goodwill amortization.
Our 2001 operating results were also negatively impacted by after-tax losses of $77 million related to our equity ownership in Homestore, which was received in connection with the sale of our Internet real estate portal to Homestore in February 2001. For a detailed discussion regarding the sale of our real estate Internet portal and our investment in Homestore, refer to Notes 2 and 26 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
As a result of the above-mentioned items, income from continuing operations increased $679 million during 2002.
Discussed below are the results of operations for each of our reportable segments, which has been revised to reflect the previously described change in the performance measure that we use to evaluate the operating results of our reportable segments.
|
Revenues |
EBITDA |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 |
2001 |
% Change |
2002 |
2001 |
% Change |
|||||||||||
Real Estate Franchise and Operations | $ | 3,950 | $ | 1,097 | 260 | % | $ | 802 | $ | 480 | 67 | % | |||||
Mortgage Services | 750 | 764 | (2 | ) | 30 | 239 | (87 | ) | |||||||||
Hospitality Services | 2,180 | 1,522 | 43 | 625 | 450 | 39 | |||||||||||
Travel Distribution Services | 1,695 | 437 | 288 | 526 | 78 | 574 | |||||||||||
Vehicle Services | 4,274 | 3,402 | 26 | 408 | 226 | 81 | |||||||||||
Marketing Services | 1,163 | 1,320 | (12 | ) | 371 | 262 | 42 | ||||||||||
Total Reportable Segments | 14,012 | 8,542 | 64 | 2,762 | 1,735 | 59 | |||||||||||
Corporate and Other (a) | 13 | 70 | * | (200 | ) | (381 | ) | * | |||||||||
Total Company | $ | 14,025 | $ | 8,612 | 63 | 2,562 | 1,354 | ||||||||||
Less: Non-program related depreciation and amortization | 455 | 462 | |||||||||||||||
Non-program related interest expense, net | 262 | 254 | |||||||||||||||
Early extinguishment of debt | 42 | | |||||||||||||||
Amortization of pendings and listings | 256 | | |||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes, minority interest and equity in Homestore |
$ | 1,547 | $ | 638 | |||||||||||||
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Real Estate Franchise and Operations
Revenues and EBITDA increased $2.9 billion (260%) and $322 million (67%), respectively, during 2002 principally driven by the acquisition of NRT (the operating
results of which have been included in our consolidated results since April 17, 2002). NRT contributed revenue and EBITDA of $3.0 billion and $338 million, respectively, from the
acquisition date forward.
Our real estate franchise business generated $443 million of royalty and marketing fund revenues during 2002 as compared with $553 million in 2001. The 2002 and 2001 amounts include $66 million and $220 million, respectively, of revenues received from NRT, our wholly-owned real estate brokerage firm, prior to our acquisition on April 17, 2002, at which time NRT was our largest franchisee. Excluding the impact of the acquisition, royalty and marketing fund revenues increased $44 million (13%), which was principally driven by a 10% increase in the average price of homes sold. NRT continues to pay royalties and marketing fund fees to our real estate franchise business. However, these intercompany royalties and marketing fund fees for the period April 17, 2002 through December 31, 2002, which approximated $208 million, are eliminated in consolidation and therefore have no impact on this segment's revenues or EBITDA.
Revenues and EBITDA of this segment were also negatively impacted by a reduction of $44 million in revenue generated from relocation activities as a result of a decline in relocation-related homesale activity and lower interest rates charged to our clients. Also contributing to the increase in EBITDA is the absence in 2002 of a $95 million charge recorded during 2001 related to the funding of an irrevocable contribution to the Real Estate Technology Trust. Excluding the acquisition of NRT, operating and administrative expenses within this segment decreased $29 million primarily due to a reduction in relocation-related costs, adjusting to a weaker corporate spending environment, partially offset by increased home sale transactions.
Mortgage Services
Revenues and EBITDA decreased $14 million (2%) and $209 million (87%), respectively, during 2002 compared with 2001 principally due a $275 million non-cash provision for impairment of our MSR asset, which was recorded during 2002. As noted elsewhere herein under "Critical Accounting Policies," the valuation of our MSR asset is generated by numerous estimates and assumptions, the most noteworthy being future prepayment rates, which represent the borrowers' propensity to refinance their mortgages. Today's mortgage industry enables homeowners to more easily refinance than they could in the past producing a change in consumer behavior that results in a greater likelihood to refinance in periods of declining interest rates, as experienced in the third quarter of 2002. During such period, interest rates on ten-year Treasury notes and 30-year mortgages declined by 120 basis points and 80 basis points, respectively, which at such time, resulted in the lowest interest rate levels in 41 years. As a result, we recognized that steep declines in interest rates experienced throughout the quarter and the related impact on current borrower prepayment behavior necessitated an increase to our estimate of future prepayment rates. Therefore, we updated the third party model we use to value our MSR asset to one that had recently become available in the marketplace, and revised our assumptions in order to better reflect more current borrower prepayment behavior. The combination of these factors resulted in increases to our estimated future loan prepayment rates, which negatively impacted the value of our MSR asset, hence requiring the provision for impairment of our MSR asset. Further declines in interest rates due to a weakening economy and geopolitical risks, which result in an increase in refinancing activity or changes in the methodology of valuing our MSR asset, could adversely impact the valuation.
Excluding the $275 million non-cash provision for impairment of our MSR asset, revenues in this segment increased $28 million in 2002 compared with 2001 as revenue growth from mortgage production was principally offset by a decline in net revenues from mortgage servicing activities. Revenues from mortgage loan production increased $228 million (35%) in 2002 compared with the prior year due to substantial growth in our fee-based mortgage origination operations (explained below) and a 6% increase in the volume of loans that we packaged and securitized (sold by us). In 2002, revenues generated from our fee-based outsourcing and broker origination business grew at a faster rate than revenues generated from
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packaging and selling mortgage loans to the secondary market ourselves. Production fee income on fee-based loans is generated at the time of closing, whereas originated mortgage loans held for sale generate revenues at the time of sale (within 60 days after closing). Accordingly, our production revenue is driven by more of a mix in both mortgage loans closed and mortgage loans sold (as opposed to just loans sold). Production loans sold increased $2.1 billion (6%), generating incremental production revenues of $83 million. Mortgage loans closed increased $14.8 billion (33%) to $59.3 billion, comprised of a $14.0 billion (206%) increase in closed loans that were fee-based and a $750 million (2%) increase in closed loans to be securitized. The increase in fee-based loan volume contributed incremental production revenues of $145 million in 2002 compared with 2001. Purchase mortgage closings grew 14% to $28.7 billion, and refinancings increased 58% to $30.6 billion. Additionally, in connection with our securitized loans we realized an increase in margin which is consistent with the mortgage industry operating at a higher percentage of loan production capacity.
Net revenues from servicing mortgage loans declined $199 million, excluding the $275 million non-cash provision for impairment of our MSR asset. However, recurring servicing fees (fees received for servicing existing loans in the portfolio) increased $59 million (17%) primarily due to a 20% year-over-year increase in the average servicing portfolio. Such recurring activity was more than offset by $361 million of increased mortgage servicing rights amortization and valuation adjustments due to the high levels of refinancings and related loan prepayments, resulting from the lower interest rate environment, partially offset by $112 million of incremental net gains from hedging and other derivative activities to protect against changes in the fair value of our MSR asset due to fluctuations in interest rates.
Revenue in 2002 also benefited from our acquisition of NRT's settlement services business on April 17, 2002. The operating results of NRT's settlement services business were included from the acquisition date forward and, therefore, contributed $169 million of revenues and $30 million of EBITDA in 2002. Additionally, we merged our pre-existing settlement services businesses with and into the larger scale settlement services business of NRT (both of which are included in this segment). Upon combining such businesses, we changed certain accounting presentations used by our pre-existing businesses to conform to the presentations used by NRT. Such change resulted in an increase of $50 million in revenues. Excluding the acquisition of NRT's settlement services business and this change in presentation, our settlement services business generated incremental revenues of $14 million compared with 2001. Title, appraisal and other closing fees all increased due to higher volumes consistent with the level of refinance activity experienced by our mortgage business.
Also contributing to the increase in EBITDA is the absence in 2002 of a $94 million charge related to the impairment of our mortgage servicing rights. This $94 million charge did not impact revenue as it was separately presented as an expense on our Consolidated Statement of Income for 2001 (see Note 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for more information concerning this presentation).
Operating and administrative expenses within this segment increased approximately $103 million compared to 2001 primarily due to the direct costs incurred in connection with increased mortgage loan production and related servicing activities.
Hospitality Services
Revenues and EBITDA increased $658 million (43%) and $175 million (39%), respectively, primarily due to the acquisitions of Fairfield Resorts, Inc. in April 2001, Trendwest in April 2002 and Equivest in February 2002 and certain other vacation rental companies abroad in 2002 and 2001. Fairfield, for the first quarter of 2002 (the period in which no comparable results were included in 2001), Trendwest, Equivest and the other acquired vacation rental companies, contributed incremental revenues of $137 million, $348 million, $107 million, and $41 million, respectively, and incremental EBITDA of $18 million, $62 million, $24 million and $5 million, respectively, in 2002 compared with 2001.
Excluding the impact from these acquisitions, revenues and EBITDA increased $18 million and $66 million, respectively, year-over-year. Growth within our Vacation Rental Group (exclusive of acquisitions)
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contributed incremental revenues of $13 million in 2002 due to an increase in vacation weeks sold, primarily attributable to improved marketing efforts. Timeshare subscription and transaction revenues within our timeshare exchange business increased $29 million (7%) primarily due to increases in exchange transactions and the average exchange fee. During 2002, we recognized an incremental $14 million of income from providing the financing on timeshare unit sales at our Fairfield subsidiary. The additional financing income was generated as a result of a 9% increase in the volume of contracts sold and a greater margin realized on contract sales as we benefited from a lower interest rate environment in 2002 compared with 2001. Results within our lodging franchise operation continued to be suppressed during 2002, subsequent to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and their impact on an already weakening travel industry. Accordingly, royalties, marketing fund and reservations revenues within our lodging franchise operations were down $10 million (3%) in 2002 compared with 2001 and initial franchise fees were down $7 million over the same periods. However, comparable year-over-year occupancy levels in our franchised lodging brands have shown improvement during 2002. In addition, Preferred Alliance revenues and EBITDA declined $9 million in 2002 compared with 2001, primarily from contract expirations and a contract termination payment received in the prior year.
Further contributing to the increase in EBITDA is a benefit of $20 million from a venture master license agreement with Marriott International, Inc. entered into during 2002, which converted the ownership of a third party license agreement. Upon the change in ownership, the license fee, formerly included within operating expenses, is now recorded as a minority interest expense (below EBITDA). EBITDA in this segment also benefited in 2002 from the absence of $62 million of charges incurred during 2002 primarily in connection with the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks ($51 million principally related to restructuring and other initiatives and $11 million related to the impairment of a lodging investment). Excluding acquisitions, operating and administrative expenses within this segment increased approximately $47 million in 2002 principally to support continued volume-related growth in our timeshare exchange business throughout 2002 compared to 2001.
Travel Distribution Services
Revenues and EBITDA increased $1.3 billion and $448 million, respectively, in 2002 compared with 2001, due to the October 2001 acquisitions of Galileo and Cheap Tickets. The Galileo acquisition for the nine months ended September 30, 2002 (the period in which no comparable results were included in 2001) contributed incremental revenues and EBITDA of $1.2 billion and $410 million, respectively, while Cheap Tickets contributed incremental revenues of $36 million and EBITDA losses of $7 million over the same period. In addition, during the summer of 2002, we acquired Lodging.com and Trust International, two companies that supply reservation and distribution solution services to the hospitality industry. Lodging.com and Trust International's operating results were included from the acquisition dates forward and collectively contributed revenue of $16 million with no contribution to EBITDA during 2002. Excluding the incremental contributions from the above-mentioned acquisitions, revenues and EBITDA of this segment increased $7 million and $45 million, respectively, in 2002 compared with 2001.
Galileo subscriber fees and EBITDA increased $26 million and $3 million, respectively, during 2002 due to the acquisition of national distribution companies ("NDCs") in Europe. NDCs are independent organizations that market and sell Galileo global distribution and computer reservation services to travel agents and other subscribers. Partially offsetting this increase was a decline of $15 million in revenues generated from our travel agency business due to reductions in commission rates paid by the airlines, available net rate air inventory and members of travel-related clubs which are serviced by us.
EBITDA in this segment also benefited in 2002 from the absence of $23 million of charges incurred during 2001 in connection with the acquisitions of Galileo and Cheap Tickets.
Beginning with the fourth quarter 2002, all quarterly periods became comparable in terms of being subsequent to the acquisitions of Galileo and Cheap Tickets and the September 2001 terrorist attacks. In fourth quarter 2002, Galileo air travel booking fees were relatively constant, compared with fourth quarter
14
2001, as a 5% increase in booking volumes was substantially offset by a 4% decline in the effective yield per booking. The decline in effective yield was heavily influenced by unusually high cancellation and re-booking activity in the fourth quarter of 2001 due to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. EBITDA in fourth quarter 2002 (the period comparable with 2001) includes cost savings of approximately $10 million that were realized in connection with the integration of the Galileo and Cheap Tickets businesses, including cost reduction efforts that were initiated during fourth quarter 2001 to reflect expected business volumes subsequent to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.
Vehicle Services
Revenues and EBITDA increased $872 million (26%) and $182 million (81%), respectively, in 2002 versus the comparable prior year. Principally driving these increases were the incremental contributions made by Avis Group Holdings, Inc. (comprised of the Avis rental car business and our fleet management operations), which we acquired on March 1, 2001. Prior to the acquisition of Avis, revenues and EBITDA of this segment consisted of franchise royalties received from Avis and earnings (losses) from our equity investment in Avis. Avis' operating results were included from the acquisition date forward and therefore included ten months of results in 2001 (March through December). Accordingly, the Avis acquisition for January and February of 2002 (the period for which no comparable results were included in 2001) contributed incremental revenues and EBITDA of $575 million and $6 million, respectively. Additionally, the operating results of Budget were also included from the acquisition date of November 22, 2002 forward and contributed revenues and EBITDA of $164 million and $6 million, respectively, in 2002.
On a comparable basis, excluding the acquisition of Budget (ten months ended December 31, 2002 versus the comparable prior year period), revenues and EBITDA increased $133 million and $162 million, respectively.
For the ten months ended December 31, 2002, Avis car rental revenues increased $157 million (7%) over the comparable period in 2001, primarily due to a 7% increase in time and mileage revenue per rental day. A majority of the increase in time and mileage revenue per rental day was supported by an increase in pricing, the impact of which flows to EBITDA, and an increased share of domestic airport revenue generated by car rental companies. The increase in EBITDA was principally supported by the gross margin on the revenue growth. Avis' revenues are primarily derived from car rentals at airport locations. Through November 2002 (the last period for which information is available), approximately 84% of Avis' revenues were generated from car rental locations at airports. Avis increased its share of total car rental revenues generated at domestic airports through November 2002 to 23.7% compared with a 22.5% share over the same eleven month period last year and has recognized airport revenue share gains in consecutive months since February 2002. For the eleven months ended November 30, 2002, Avis realized a 3.5% increase in its comparable year-over-year domestic airport revenues versus a total market segment decline of 1.6% over the same periods.
In our vehicle leasing and fleet management program businesses, revenues collectively declined $25 million (2%) during the comparable ten months ended December 31, 2002 compared with 2001, principally due to lower interest expense on vehicle funding, which is substantially passed through to clients and therefore results in lower revenues but has minimal EBITDA impact. This was partially offset by an increase in depreciation on leased vehicles which is also passed through to clients. EBITDA for this segment also benefited in 2002 from the absence of $58 million of charges recorded in 2001 primarily in connection with restructuring and other initiatives undertaken as a result of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.
Marketing Services
EBITDA increased $109 million (42%) in 2002 compared with 2001 despite a $157 million (12%) decrease in revenue. EBITDA was favorably impacted by the outsourcing of our individual membership business, in which a net decline of $143 million in membership-related revenues (net of $6 million of royalty income from Trilegiant) due to a lower membership base was more than offset by a net reduction in expenses from servicing fewer members and not directly incurring the cost of marketing to solicit new members.
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Marketing expenses decreased by $122 million in 2002 compared with 2001 due to a reduction in new member marketing costs in 2002. In addition, during fourth quarter 2001, Trilegiant increased its solicitation efforts and incurred $56 million of marketing costs that we were contractually required to fund and, as such, expense. In addition, membership operating expenses decreased by approximately $110 million due to cost savings from servicing fewer members. During third quarter 2001, we incurred $41 million of transaction-related expenses in connection with the outsourcing of our membership business to Trilegiant, the absence of which in 2002 also contributed to the increase in EBITDA.
Our domestic insurance/wholesale businesses generated $14 million less revenue in 2002 compared with 2001 from a lower profit share from insurance companies as a result of higher than expected claims. This was offset by growth within our international loyalty solutions operations. Partially offsetting the decline in EBITDA for this segment was a benefit in 2002 from the absence of $10 million of charges recorded in 2001 in connection with restructuring and other initiatives undertaken as a result of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.
Corporate and Other
Revenue decreased $57 million and EBITDA increased $181 million in 2002 compared with 2001. In February 2001, we sold our real estate Internet portal, move.com, and certain
ancillary businesses, the operations of which collectively accounted for a year-over-year decline in revenues of $14 million and EBITDA of $7 million. Revenues
recognized from providing electronic reservation processing services to Avis prior to the acquisition of Avis resulted in a $15 million revenue decrease with no EBITDA impact as Avis paid
royalties but was billed for reservation services at cost. Revenues also included incremental inter-segment revenue eliminations in 2002 due to increased intercompany business activities, principally
resulting from acquisitions. EBITDA benefited in 2002 from $453 million of losses recorded during 2001, which were principally related to the impairment of our investment in Homestore.
Partially offsetting this improvement was the absence in 2002 of a gain of $436 million that was recorded in 2001 in connection with the sale of our real estate Internet portal. EBITDA for this
segment also benefited in 2002 from the absence of the following charges recorded during 2001: (i) the funding of Trip Network ($85 million), (ii) the outsourcing of our
information technology operations to IBM in connection with the acquisition of Galileo ($78 million) and (iii) restructuring and other initiatives undertaken as a result of the
September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks ($35 million). Partially offsetting such year-over-year EBITDA benefits were higher unallocated corporate overhead costs in
2002 due to increased administrative expenses and infrastructure expansion to support company growth.
FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
We present separately the financial data of our management and mortgage programs. These programs are distinct from our other activities as the assets are generally funded through the issuance of debt that is collateralized by such assets. Specifically, in our vehicle rental, fleet management, relocation, mortgage services and vacation ownership businesses, assets under management and mortgage programs are funded through either borrowings under asset-backed funding arrangements or unsecured borrowings at our PHH subsidiary. Such borrowings are classified as debt under management and mortgage programs. The income generated by these assets is used, in part, to repay the principal and interest associated with the debt. Cash inflows and outflows relating to the generation or acquisition of such assets and the principal debt repayment or financing of such assets are classified as activities of our management and mortgage programs. We believe it is appropriate to segregate the financial data of our management and mortgage programs because, ultimately, the source of repayment of such debt is the realization of such assets.
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FINANCIAL CONDITION
|
2003 |
2002 |
Change |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total assets exclusive of assets under management and mortgage programs | $ | 21,479 | $ | 20,749 | $ | 730 | ||||
Total liabilities exclusive of liabilities under management and mortgage programs | 12,778 | 12,475 | 303 | |||||||
Assets under management and mortgage programs | 17,593 | 15,180 | 2,413 | |||||||
Liabilities under management and mortgage programs | 16,108 | 13,764 | 2,344 | |||||||
Mandatorily redeemable preferred interest in a subsidiary | | 375 | (375 | ) | ||||||
Stockholders' equity | 10,186 | 9,315 | 871 |
Total assets exclusive of assets under management and mortgage programs increased primarily due to increases in cash and cash equivalents (see "Liquidity and Capital ResourcesCash Flows" for a detailed discussion) and goodwill, which primarily resulted from current period acquisitions and the ultimate settlement of tax bases on prior period acquisitions with the tax authorities (see Note 5 to our Consolidated Financial Statements). Such increases were partially offset by (i) a reduction in timeshare-related inventory as a result of a reclassification to assets under management and mortgage programs, as such assets were financed under a program during first quarter 2003; (ii) a decrease in non-current deferred income taxes primarily resulting from the utilization of a portion of our net operating loss carryforward and the ultimate settlements with tax authorities discussed above and (iii) the sale of real estate in the normal course of our mortgage services business.
Total liabilities exclusive of liabilities under management and mortgage programs increased primarily due to (i) an increase in deferred income principally resulting from the consolidation of Trilegiant and (ii) gains on derivatives we use to hedge the interest rate risk associated with our outstanding corporate indebtedness, which are deferred and will be recognized over future periods as an offset to interest expense. Such increases were offset by a net reduction in outstanding corporate debt (see "Liquidity and Capital ResourcesFinancial ObligationsCorporate Indebtedness" for a detailed account of this reduction).
Assets under management and mortgage programs increased primarily due to growth in our mortgage and vehicle businesses, the impact of FIN 46 and the impact of changes to the underlying structures of certain of our securitization facilities. Specifically contributing to the increase were increases in (i) our mortgage loans held for sale principally due to the consolidation of Bishop's Gate Residential Mortgage Trust; (ii) our MSR asset principally resulting from an increase in the aggregate amount of the mortgage portfolio we service; (iii) our relocation receivables principally due to the consolidation of Apple Ridge Funding LLC; (iv) our timeshare-related assets principally resulting from the consolidation of the Sierra Receivable Funding entities, the acquisition of FFD Development Company, LLC and the reclassification of timeshare-related inventory (referred to above) and (v) our vehicle-related assets primarily due to the purchase of vehicles used in our vehicle rental operations. See "Liquidity and Capital ResourcesFinancial ObligationsDebt under Management and Mortgage Programs" for a more extensive discussion regarding the impact of FIN 46 and the changes to the underlying structures of Apple Ridge and the Sierra entities.
Liabilities under management and mortgage programs increased primarily due to the consolidation of Bishop's Gate, the Sierra entities and Apple Ridge and additional debt borrowings to support the growth in our portfolio of assets under management and mortgage programs, as discussed above (see "Liquidity and Capital ResourcesFinancial ObligationsDebt Under Management and Mortgage Programs" for a detailed account of the change in debt related to management and mortgage programs).
The decrease in mandatorily redeemable preferred interest represents our prepayment of these securities in September 2003.
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Stockholders' equity increased primarily due to (i) $1,172 million of net income generated during 2003, (ii) $540 million related to the exercise of employee stock options (including $106 million of tax benefit) and (iii) $143 million of favorable foreign currency translation adjustments. Such increases were partially offset by our repurchase of $1,099 million (65 million shares) in CD common stock.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our principal sources of liquidity are cash on hand and our ability to generate cash through operations and financing activities, as well as available funding arrangements and committed credit facilities, each of which is discussed below.
Cash Flows
At December 31, 2003, we had $839 million of cash on hand, an increase of $714 million from $125 million at December 31, 2002. The following table summarizes such increase:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
Change |
||||||||
Cash provided by (used in): | |||||||||||
Operating activities | $ | 7,144 | $ | 1,032 | (a) | $ | 6,112 | ||||
Investing activities | (3,393 | ) | (1,729) | (b) | (1,664 | ) | |||||
Financing activities | (3,081 | ) | (1,261 | ) | (1,820 | ) | |||||
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (7 | ) | 41 | (48 | ) | ||||||
Cash provided by discontinued operations | 51 | 100 | (49 | ) | |||||||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 714 | $ | (1,817 | ) | $ | 2,531 | ||||
During 2003, we generated approximately $6.1 billion more cash from operating activities as compared with 2002. This change principally reflects the completion of our funding the principal stockholder litigation settlement liability in 2002, as noted in the table above. Excluding the effects of the principal stockholder litigation settlement funding, net cash provided by operating activities increased by approximately $3.3 billion. Such change primarily represents (i) stronger operating results, (ii) better management of our working capital, (iii) proceeds received from the termination of fair value interest rate hedges of corporate debt instruments and (iv) activities of our management and mortgage programs, which produced a larger cash inflow in 2003 resulting primarily from timing differences between the receipt of cash on the sale of previously originated mortgage loans and the origination of new mortgage loans.
During 2003, we used approximately $1.7 billion more cash in investing activities as compared with 2002. This change principally reflects the absence in 2003 of (i) $1.41 billion of proceeds received in 2002 from the stockholder litigation settlement trust, which represented funds that we deposited to the trust in 2001 that were then used in 2002 to fund the stockholder litigation settlement liability, as discussed above, and (ii) approximately $1.2 billion in net proceeds received from the May 2002 sale of our car parking facility business. Excluding these amounts, we used approximately $900 million less cash for investing activities during 2003 as compared to 2002. This decrease primarily reflects our decision to significantly curtail acquisitions, as evidenced by a reduction of more than $1 billion in cash used for this purpose. Also contributing to this change were incremental proceeds received in 2003 on the sale of assets, including our investment in Entertainment Publications, Inc. and the sale/leaseback of two of our facilities. We also increased our capital expenditures in 2003 by $68 million to support operational growth and businesses acquired in 2002, and to enhance marketing opportunities and develop operating efficiencies through technological improvements. We anticipate aggregate capital expenditure investments for 2004 to be in the range of $525 million to $575 million. We also used $315 million more cash in 2003 compared with 2002 in
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the investment activities of our management and mortgage programs due primarily to timing differences within our timeshare and relocation programs similar to those discussed above with respect to mortgage activities. The increase in cash utilization was partially offset by a reduction in the year-over-year net cash outflow resulting from investments in and payments received on vehicles.
During 2003, we used approximately $3.1 billion of net cash in financing activities as compared to using approximately $1.3 billion of net cash during 2002. While we benefited from approximately $2.6 billion of proceeds received during 2003 on the issuance of fixed-rate debt, this cash was deployed primarily to increase debt repayments and share repurchases period-over-period. These actions demonstrate our commitment to reducing outstanding corporate indebtedness and returning shareholder value. Further contributing to this change is an increase of $1.9 billion in the cash used in the financing activities of our management and mortgage programs, primarily resulting from greater repayments of borrowings in 2003. See "Liquidity and Capital ResourcesFinancial Obligations" for a detailed discussion of financing activities during 2003.
Throughout 2004, we intend to continue to demonstrate our commitment to improving our balance sheet by reducing corporate indebtedness and repurchasing outstanding shares of our common stock. In February 2004, virtually all holders of our zero coupon senior convertible contingent notes elected to convert their notes into shares of our common stock. As a result, our corporate indebtedness decreased by an additional $430 million. In order to reduce the impact on our outstanding shares of holders converting these notes into approximately 22 million shares of common stock, we intend to use available cash that otherwise would have been used to redeem these notes to repurchase a corresponding number of shares of our common stock in the open market. We currently also expect to use cash to redeem our zero coupon convertible debentures and 37/8% convertible senior debentures on or subsequent to their call dates (May 2004 and November 2004, respectively); however, holders of these instruments may convert them into shares of our common stock if the price of such stock exceeds the stipulated thresholds (which were not met as of February 27, 2004) or upon the exercise of our call provisions. We also expect to utilize cash during second quarter 2004 to redeem our outstanding 11% senior subordinated notes. Finally, on February 11, 2004, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.07 per share. While we expect to use approximately $280 million of cash to pay dividends in 2004, although no assurances can be made, we anticipate increasing the dividend over time as our earnings and cash flow grow.
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At December 31, 2003, we had approximately $20.8 billion of indebtedness (including corporate indebtedness of $5.1 billion, Upper DECS of $863 million and debt under management and mortgage programs of $14.8 billion).
Corporate Indebtedness
Corporate indebtedness consisted of:
|
Earliest Mandatory Redemption Date |
Final Maturity Date |
As of December 31, 2003 |
As of December 31, 2002 |
Change |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Term notes | |||||||||||||||
73/4% notes | December 2003 | December 2003 | $ | | $ | 966 | $ | (966 | ) | ||||||
67/8% notes | August 2006 | August 2006 | 849 | 849 | | ||||||||||
61/4% notes | January 2008 | January 2008 | 797 | | 797 | ||||||||||
11% senior subordinated notes | May 2009 | May 2009 | 333 | 530 | (197 | ) | |||||||||
61/4% notes | March 2010 | March 2010 | 348 | | 348 | ||||||||||
73/8% notes | January 2013 | January 2013 | 1,190 | | 1,190 | ||||||||||
71/8% notes | March 2015 | March 2015 | 250 | | 250 | ||||||||||
Contingently convertible debt securities |
|||||||||||||||
Zero coupon senior convertible contingent notes | February 2004 | February 2021 | 430 | 420 | 10 | ||||||||||
Zero coupon convertible debentures | May 2004 | May 2021 | 7 | 857 | (850 | ) | |||||||||
37/8% convertible senior debentures | November 2004 | November 2011 | 804 | 1,200 | (396 | ) | |||||||||
Other |
|||||||||||||||
Revolver borrowings | December 2005 | | 600 | (600 | ) | ||||||||||
Net hedging gains | 31 | 89 | (58 | ) | |||||||||||
Other | 100 | 90 | 10 | ||||||||||||
5,139 | 5,601 | (462 | ) | ||||||||||||
Mandatorily redeemable preferred interest in a subsidiary |
|
375 |
(375 |
) |
|||||||||||
Upper DECS | 863 | 863 | | ||||||||||||
$ | 6,002 | $ | 6,839 | $ | (837 | ) | |||||||||
The change in our total corporate debt reflects the issuance of $2.6 billion in notes with maturity dates ranging from five to twelve years, the proceeds of which were primarily used to repurchase debt with nearer-term maturities or mandatory redemption provisions. During 2003, we repurchased/repaid approximately $3.5 billion of our outstanding corporate debt, approximately $1.8 billion of which was scheduled to mature or potentially become due in 2003 (73/4% notes and zero coupon convertible debentures) and $396 million of which was scheduled to potentially become due in November 2004 (37/8% convertible senior debentures). Through these repurchases, we have not only eliminated a significant liquidity need, we also removed 49.7 million shares of potential dilution from our future earnings per share. The number of shares
20
of common stock potentially issuable for each of our contingently convertible debt securities is detailed below (in millions):
|
As of December 31, 2003 |
As of December 31, 2002 |
Change |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zero coupon senior convertible contingent notes (*) | 22.0 | 22.0 | | ||||
Zero coupon convertible debentures | 0.3 | 33.5 | (33.2 | ) | |||
37/8% convertible senior debentures | 33.4 | 49.9 | (16.5 | ) | |||
55.7 | 105.4 | (49.7 | ) | ||||
The 37/8% senior convertible debentures may be converted prior to maturity during each three-month period if the closing sale price of CD common stock exceeds a threshold, which through November 27, 2004 is $28.32. In addition, the holders of the debentures have the right to require us to repurchase the debentures on November 27, 2004, and we have the right to redeem the debentures at any time after such date, in each case at par plus accrued interest, if any. Although no assurances can be given, it is our intention to redeem the remaining debentures for cash following such date. We would expect to have cash on hand, as well as available capacity under our credit facilities in order to fund such redemption. Upon notice of our intent to redeem the debentures, the holders will have the right to convert their debentures, and we would expect holders to exercise such conversion right if the price of CD common stock exceeds $24.05 per share. To the extent that holders convert their debentures, we would expect to use amounts intended to fund redemptions to repurchase shares of CD common stock in the open market. The significant terms for our outstanding debt instruments at December 31, 2003 can be found in Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Upper DECS
Because the Upper DECS obligate holders to purchase shares of our CD common stock at a price determined by the average closing price of CD common stock during a 20-trading-day period ending in August 2004, the Upper DECS are functionally equivalent to issuing shares of CD common stock subject to an issue-price collar, with a delay in issuance until 2004. At the time of issuance of the Upper DECS, we believed that the impact of issuing the Upper DECS would be favorable compared to an equivalent immediate issuance of common stock. Upon settlement of the forward purchase contracts, we expect to issue shares of CD common stock in the range of approximately 30.3 million to 40.1 million (depending upon the price of CD common stock) and to receive gross proceeds in cash of approximately $863 million. As of December 31, 2003, upon maturity of the senior notes that were currently a component of the Upper DECS in August 2006 we would be required to repay $863 million in cash. The significant terms for the Upper DECS can be found in Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Debt Under Management and Mortgage Programs
In connection with FIN 46, our debt under management and mortgage programs now reflects the debt issued by Bishop's Gate, a bankruptcy remote special purpose entity ("SPE") that we utilize to warehouse mortgage loans we originate prior to selling them into the secondary market. Additionally, as a result of the adoption of FIN 46R, the debt of AESOP Funding II, LLC, a bankruptcy remote special purpose limited liability company that we utilize to finance the acquisition of vehicles, which was previously reflected within our debt under management and mortgage programs, is now presented separately on our Consolidated Balance Sheet as related party debt under management and mortgage programs. See Note 16 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding Bishop's Gate and AESOP Funding.
Debt under management and mortgage programs also reflects the debt issued by the Sierra entities, which are bankruptcy remote SPEs that we utilize to securitize timeshare receivables generated from the sale of
21
vacation ownership interests by our timeshare business, and Apple Ridge, a bankruptcy remote SPE that we utilize to securitize relocation receivables generated from advancing funds to clients of our relocation business. During 2003, the underlying structures of the Sierra entities and Apple Ridge were amended in a manner that resulted in these entities no longer meeting the criteria to qualify as off-balance sheet entities. Consequently, we now consolidate these entities and the debt issued is reflected within debt under management and mortgage programs as of December 31, 2003. The following table summarizes the components of our debt under management and mortgage programs (including related party debt due to AESOP Funding):
|
As of December 31, |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
Change |
|||||||||
Asset-Backed Debt: | ||||||||||||
Vehicle rental program | ||||||||||||
AESOP Funding | $ | 5,644 | $ | 4,029 | $ | 1,615 | ||||||
Other | 651 | 2,053 | (1,402 | ) | ||||||||
Vehicle management program | 3,118 | 3,058 | 60 | |||||||||
Mortgage program | ||||||||||||
Bishop's Gate (a) | 1,651 | | 1,651 | |||||||||
Other | | 871 | (871 | ) | ||||||||
Timeshare program | ||||||||||||
Sierra (b) | 774 | | 774 | |||||||||
Other | 335 | 145 | 190 | |||||||||
Relocation program | ||||||||||||
Apple Ridge (c) | 400 | | 400 | |||||||||
Other | | 80 | (80 | ) | ||||||||
12,573 | 10,236 | 2,337 | ||||||||||
Unsecured Debt: | ||||||||||||
Term notes | 1,916 | 1,421 | 495 | |||||||||
Commercial paper | 164 | 866 | (702 | ) | ||||||||
Bank loans | | 107 | (107 | ) | ||||||||
Other | 132 | 117 | 15 | |||||||||
2,212 | 2,511 | (299 | ) | |||||||||
Total debt under management and mortgage programs | $ | 14,785 | $ | 12,747 | $ | 2,038 | ||||||
The significant terms for our outstanding debt instruments under management and mortgage programs at December 31, 2003 can be found in Note 16 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
AVAILABLE FUNDING ARRANGEMENTS AND COMMITTED CREDIT FACILITIES
At December 31, 2003, we had approximately $7.6 billion of available funding arrangements and committed credit facilities (comprised of approximately $1.7 billion of availability at the corporate level and approximately $5.9 billion available for use in our management and mortgage programs). As of December 31, 2003, the committed credit facilities at the corporate level consisted of:
|
Total Capacity |
Borrowings Outstanding |
Letters of Credit Issued |
Available Capacity |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maturing in December 2005 | $ | 2,900 | $ | | $ | 1,169 | $ | 1,731 |
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Available funding under our asset-backed debt programs and committed credit facilities related to our management and mortgage programs as of December 31, 2003 consisted of (including related party debt due to AESOP Funding):
|
Total Capacity |
Outstanding Borrowings |
Available Capacity |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asset-Backed Funding Arrangements (a) | |||||||||||
Vehicle rental program | |||||||||||
AESOP Funding II, LLC | $ | 6,514 | $ | 5,644 | $ | 870 | |||||
Other | 911 | 651 | 260 | ||||||||
Vehicle management program | 3,917 | 3,118 | 799 | ||||||||
Mortgage program | |||||||||||
Bishop's Gate | 3,151 | 1,651 | 1,500 | ||||||||
Other | 500 | | 500 | ||||||||
Timeshare program | |||||||||||
Sierra | 1,242 | 774 | 468 | ||||||||
Other | 425 | 335 | 90 | ||||||||
Relocation program | |||||||||||
Apple Ridge | 500 | 400 | 100 | ||||||||
Other | 100 | | 100 | ||||||||
17,260 | 12,573 | 4,687 | |||||||||
Committed Credit Facilities (b) | |||||||||||
Maturing in February 2005 | 1,250 | | 1,250 | ||||||||
$ | 18,510 | $ | 12,573 | $ | 5,937 | ||||||
The significant terms of these committed credit facilities and available funding arrangements can be found in Notes 15 and 16 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
At December 31, 2003, we also had $400 million of availability for public debt or equity issuances under a shelf registration statement and our PHH subsidiary had an additional $874 million of availability for public debt issuances under a shelf registration statement.
LIQUIDITY RISK
Our liquidity position may be negatively affected by unfavorable conditions in any one of the industries in which we operate. Additionally, our liquidity as it relates to both management and mortgage programs could be adversely affected by (i) the deterioration in the performance of the underlying assets of such programs, (ii) the impairment of our ability to access the principal financing program for our vehicle rental subsidiaries if General Motors Corporation or Ford Motor Company should not be able to honor its obligations to repurchase a substantial number of our vehicles and (iii) our inability to access the secondary market for mortgage loans or certain of our securitization facilities and our inability to act as servicer thereto, which could occur in the event that our or PHH's credit ratings are downgraded below investment grade and, in certain circumstances, where we or PHH fail to meet certain financial ratios. Further, access to our credit facilities may be limited if we were to fail to meet certain financial ratios. We do not believe that our or PHH's credit ratings are likely to fall below investment grade. Additionally, we monitor the maintenance of required financial ratios and, as of December 31, 2003, we were in compliance with all financial covenants under our credit and securitization facilities.
23
Currently, our credit ratings are as follows:
|
Moody's Investor Service |
Standard & Poor's |
Fitch Ratings |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cendant | ||||||
Senior unsecured debt | Baa1 | BBB | BBB+ | |||
PHH |
||||||
Senior debt | Baa1 | BBB+ | BBB+ | |||
Short-term debt | P-2 | A-2 | F-2 |
At December 31, 2003, all of the above ratings, with the exception of those assigned to PHH's short-term debt were on "negative outlook." A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and is subject to revision or withdrawal by the assigning rating organization. Each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following table summarizes our future contractual obligations as of December 31, 2003:
|
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
Thereafter |
Total |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Long-term debt (a) | $ | 1,629 | $ | 22 | $ | 913 | $ | 2 | $ | 805 | $ | 1,768 | $ | 5,139 | ||||||||
Upper DECS (b) | | | 863 | | | | 863 | |||||||||||||||
Debt under management and mortgage programs (c) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset-backed | 2,532 | 3,479 | 3,047 | 1,262 | 1,748 | 505 | 12,573 | |||||||||||||||
Unsecured | 114 | 405 | | 190 | 432 | 1,071 | 2,212 | |||||||||||||||
Operating leases | 540 | 431 | 351 | 287 | 192 | 876 | 2,677 | |||||||||||||||
Capital leases | 20 | 13 | 6 | 1 | | | 40 | |||||||||||||||
Commitments to purchase vehicles (d) | 4,916 | | | | | | 4,916 | |||||||||||||||
Other purchase commitments (e) | 731 | 319 | 282 | 236 | 179 | 412 | 2,159 | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 10,482 | $ | 4,669 | $ | 5,462 | $ | 1,978 | $ | 3,356 | $ | 4,632 | $ | 30,579 | ||||||||
ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Critical Accounting Policies
In presenting our financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
amounts
reported therein. Several of the
24
estimates and assumptions we are required to make relate to matters that are inherently uncertain as they pertain to future events. However, events that are outside of our control cannot be predicted and, as such, they cannot be contemplated in evaluating such estimates and assumptions. If there is a significant unfavorable change to current conditions, it could result in a material adverse impact to our consolidated results of operations, financial position and liquidity. We believe that the estimates and assumptions we used when preparing our financial statements were the most appropriate at that time. Presented below are those accounting policies that we believe require subjective and complex judgments that could potentially affect reported results. However, the majority of our businesses operate in environments where we are paid a fee for a service performed, and therefore the results of the majority of our recurring operations are recorded in our financial statements using accounting policies that are not particularly subjective, nor complex.
Mortgage Servicing Rights. A mortgage servicing right is the right to receive a portion of the interest coupon and fees collected from the mortgagor for performing specified mortgage servicing activities. The value of mortgage servicing rights is estimated based upon an internal valuation that reflects management's estimates of expected future cash flows considering prepayment estimates (developed using a third party model described below), our historical prepayment rates, portfolio characteristics, interest rates based on interest rate yield curves and other economic factors. More specifically, we incorporate a probability weighted Option Adjusted Spread ("OAS") model to generate and discount cash flows for the MSR valuation. The OAS model generates numerous interest rate paths then calculates the MSR cash flow at each monthly point for each interest rate path and discounts those cash flows back to the current period. The MSR value is determined by averaging the discounted cash flows from each of the interest rate paths. The interest rate paths are generated with a random distribution centered around implied forward interest rates, which are determined from the interest rate yield curve at any given point of time. As of December 31, 2003, the implied forward interest rates project an increase of approximately 48 basis points in the yield of the 10-year Treasury Note over the next 12 months. Changes in the yield curve will result in changes to the forward rates implied from that yield curve.
As noted above, a key assumption in our estimate of the MSR valuation are forecasted prepayments. We use a third party model, adjusted to reflect the historical prepayment behavior exhibited by our portfolio, to forecast prepayment rates at each monthly point for each interest rate path in the OAS model. The prepayment forecast is based on historical observations of prepayment behavior in similar circumstances. The prepayment forecast incorporates loan characteristics (e.g., loan type and note rate) and factors such as recent prepayment experience, previous refinance opportunities and estimated levels of home equity to determine the prepayment forecast at each monthly point for each interest rate path.
To the extent that fair value is less than carrying value at the individual strata level, we would consider the portfolio to have been impaired and record a related charge. Reductions in interest rates different than those used in our models could cause us to use different assumptions in the MSR valuation, which could result in a decrease in the estimated fair value of our MSR asset, requiring a corresponding reduction in the carrying value of the asset. To mitigate this risk, we use derivatives that generally increase in value as interest rates decline and conversely decline in value as interest rates increase. Additionally, as interest rates decrease, we have historically experienced increased production revenue resulting from a greater level of refinancings, which over time has historically mitigated the impact on earnings of the decline in our MSR asset.
Changes in the estimated fair value of the mortgage servicing rights based upon variations in the assumptions (e.g., future interest rate levels, prepayment speeds) cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumptions to the change in fair value may not be linear. Changes in one assumption may result in changes to another, which may magnify or counteract the fair value sensitivity analysis and would make such an analysis not meaningful. Additionally, further declines in interest rates due to a weakening economy and geopolitical risks, which result in an increase in refinancing activity or
25
changes in assumptions, could adversely impact the valuation. During 2003, the interest rate environment caused loans with coupon rates at or below 6% to become a significant component of the Company's overall loan servicing portfolio. Therefore, we adjusted the strata of the portfolio during third quarter 2003, which did not have an impact on the MSR valuation. The carrying value of our MSR asset was approximately $1.6 billion as of December 31, 2003 and the total portfolio that we were servicing approximated $136.4 billion as of December 31, 2003 (refer to Note 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed discussion of the effect of any changes to the value of this asset during 2003 and 2002). The effects of any adverse potential changes in the estimated fair value of our MSR asset are detailed in Note 17 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Financial Instruments. We estimate fair values for each of our financial instruments, including derivative instruments. Most of these financial instruments are not publicly traded on an organized exchange. In the absence of quoted market prices, we must develop an estimate of fair value using dealer quotes, present value cash flow models, option pricing models or other conventional valuation methods, as appropriate. The use of these fair value techniques involves significant judgments and assumptions, including estimates of future interest rate levels based on interest rate yield curves, prepayment and volatility factors, and an estimation of the timing of future cash flows. The use of different assumptions may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts recorded in the financial statements, which are disclosed in Note 25 to our Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, hedge accounting requires that at the beginning of each hedge period, we justify an expectation that the relationship between the changes in fair value of derivatives designated as hedges compared to changes in the fair value of the underlying hedged items be highly effective. This effectiveness assessment involves an estimation of changes in fair value resulting from changes in interest rates and corresponding changes in prepayment levels, as well as the probability of the occurrence of transactions for cash flow hedges. The use of different assumptions and changing market conditions may impact the results of the effectiveness assessment and ultimately the timing of when changes in derivative fair values and the underlying hedged items are recorded in earnings. See Item 7a. "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk" for a discussion of the effect of hypothetical changes to these assumptions.
Goodwill. We have reviewed the carrying value of our goodwill as required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," by comparing the carrying value of our reporting units to their fair value and determined that the carrying amount of our reporting units did not exceed their respective fair value. When determining fair value, we utilized various assumptions, including projections of future cash flows. A change in these underlying assumptions will cause a change in the results of the tests and, as such, could cause fair value to be less than the respective carrying amount. In such event, we would then be required to record a charge, which would impact earnings. We will continue to review the carrying value of goodwill for impairment annually, or more frequently if circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred.
We provide a wide range of consumer and business services and, as a result, our goodwill is allocated among many diverse reporting units. Accordingly, it is difficult to quantify the impact of an adverse change in financial results and related cash flows, as such change may be isolated to a small number of our reporting units or spread across our entire organization. In either case, the magnitude of an impairment to goodwill, if any, cannot be extrapolated. However, our businesses are concentrated in a few industries and, as such, an adverse change to any of these industries will impact our consolidated results and may result in impairment of our goodwill. The aggregate carrying value of our goodwill was approximately $10.7 billion at December 31, 2003. Refer to Note 5 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on goodwill.
Changes in Accounting Policies During 2003
On January 1, 2003, we adopted the fair value method of accounting for stock-based compensation provisions of SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for
Stock-Based
Compensation" and all the provisions of SFAS
26
No. 148, "Accounting for Stock-Based CompensationTransition and Disclosure." As a result, we changed our accounting policy for stock-based compensation using the prospective transition method.
In addition, on January 1, 2003, we adopted the following standards as a result of the issuance of new accounting pronouncements by the FASB in 2002:
On January 17, 2003, the FASB issued FIN 46 and on December 24, 2003, the FASB issued a complete replacement of FIN 46, entitled FIN 46 Revised ("FIN 46R"), which clarifies certain complexities of FIN 46. As of September 30, 2003, we had applied the provisions of FIN 46 for all transactions initiated subsequent to January 31, 2003 and also to Bishop's Gate and Trilegiant. We adopted FIN 46R in its entirety as of December 31, 2003 (even though adoption for non-SPEs was not required until March 31, 2004).
During 2003, the FASB also issued the following literature, which we have adopted as of July 1, 2003:
For more detailed information regarding any of these pronouncements and the impact thereof on our business, see Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
During 2003, the SEC provided interim guidance in a speech pertaining to the measurement of interest rate lock commitments related to loans that will be
held for resale
(commonly referred to as commitments to fund mortgages). See Note 2Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for more information.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We use various financial instruments, particularly swap contracts, forward delivery commitments and futures and options contracts to manage and reduce the interest rate risk related specifically to our committed mortgage pipeline, mortgage loan inventory, mortgage servicing rights, mortgage-backed securities, debt and certain other interest bearing liabilities. Foreign currency forwards are also used to manage and reduce the foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with our foreign currency denominated receivables and forecasted royalties, forecasted earnings of foreign subsidiaries and forecasted foreign currency denominated acquisitions.
We are exclusively an end user of these instruments, which are commonly referred to as derivatives. We do not engage in trading, market-making or other speculative activities in the derivatives markets. More detailed information about these financial instruments is provided in Note 25Financial Instruments to our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Our principal market exposures are interest and foreign currency rate risks.
27
commercial paper interest rates due to their impact on variable rate borrowings and other interest rate sensitive liabilities. We anticipate that such interest rates will remain a primary market risk exposure for the foreseeable future.
We assess our market risk based on changes in interest and foreign currency exchange rates utilizing a sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis measures the potential impact in earnings, fair values and cash flows based on a hypothetical 10% change (increase and decrease) in interest and currency rates.
We use a discounted cash flow model in determining the fair values of relocation receivables, timeshare receivables, equity advances on homes, mortgage servicing rights and our retained interests in securitized assets. The fair value of mortgage loans, commitments to fund mortgages and mortgage-backed securities are determined from market sources. The primary assumptions used in determining fair value are prepayment speeds, estimated loss rates and discount rates. In determining the fair value of mortgage servicing rights, the model also utilizes credit losses and mortgage servicing revenues and expenses as primary assumptions. In addition, for commitments to fund mortgages, the borrower's propensity to close their mortgage loan under the commitment is used as a primary assumption. For mortgage loans, commitments to fund mortgages, forward delivery contracts and options, we rely on market sources in determining the impact of interest rate shifts. We also utilize a probability weighted option-adjusted spread ("OAS") model to determine the impact of interest rate shifts on mortgage servicing rights and mortgage-backed securities. The primary assumption in an OAS model is the implied market volatility of interest rates and prepayment speeds and the same primary assumptions are used in determining fair value.
We use a duration-based model in determining the impact of interest rate shifts on our debt portfolio, certain other interest bearing liabilities and interest rate derivatives portfolios. The primary assumption used in these models is that a 10% increase or decrease in the benchmark interest rate produces a parallel shift in the yield curve across all maturities.
We use a current market pricing model to assess the changes in the value of the U.S. dollar on foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities and derivatives. The primary assumption used in these models is a hypothetical 10% weakening or strengthening of the U.S. dollar against all our currency exposures at December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001.
Our total market risk is influenced by a wide variety of factors including the volatility present within the markets and the liquidity of the markets. There are certain limitations inherent in the sensitivity analyses presented. While probably the most meaningful analysis, these "shock tests" are constrained by several factors, including the necessity to conduct the analysis based on a single point in time and the inability to include the complex market reactions that normally would arise from the market shifts modeled.
We used December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 market rates on our instruments to perform the sensitivity analyses separately for each of our market risk exposuresinterest and currency rate instruments. The estimates are based on the market risk sensitive portfolios described in the preceding paragraphs and assume instantaneous, parallel shifts in interest rate yield curves and exchange rates.
We have determined that the impact of a 10% change in interest and foreign currency exchange rates and prices on our earnings, fair values and cash flows would not be material. While these results may be used as benchmarks, they should not be viewed as forecasts.
28
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
Page |
|
---|---|---|
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | F-2 | |
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 |
F-3 |
|
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 |
F-4 |
|
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 |
F-5 |
|
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 |
F-7 |
|
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
F-9 |
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To
the Board of Directors and Stockholders
of Cendant Corporation
New York, New York:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cendant Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2003 and 2002, and the related consolidated statements of income, cash flows and stockholders' equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2003. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company at December 31, 2003 and 2002, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2003 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, on January 1, 2003, the Company adopted the fair value method of accounting for stock-based compensation, and during 2003, the Company adopted the consolidation provisions for variable interest entities. Also, as discussed in Note 2, on January 1, 2002, the Company adopted the non-amortization provisions for goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets. Also, as discussed in Note 2, on January 1, 2001, the Company modified the accounting treatment relating to securitization transactions and the accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities.
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, in connection with the disposition of the Company's Jackson Hewitt subsidiary in June 2004, the account balances and activities of Jackson Hewitt have been segregated and reported as a discontinued operation for all periods presented.
/s/
Deloitte & Touche LLP
New York, New York
February 25,
2004
(April 29, 2004 as to the effects of the revised segment
reporting structure described in Notes 1 and 27)
(July 30, 2004 as to the effects of the discontinued operations
described in Note 1)
F-2
Cendant Corporation and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In millions, except per share data)
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||
Service fees and membership, net | $ | 12,314 | $ | 9,900 | $ | 5,345 | ||||
Vehicle-related | 5,645 | 4,078 | 3,214 | |||||||
Other | 56 | 47 | 53 | |||||||
Net revenues | 18,015 | 14,025 | 8,612 | |||||||
Expenses | ||||||||||
Operating | 9,341 | 6,765 | 2,718 | |||||||
Vehicle depreciation, lease charges and interest, net | 2,487 | 2,094 | 1,789 | |||||||
Marketing and reservation | 1,732 | 1,374 | 1,100 | |||||||
General and administrative | 1,352 | 1,112 | 957 | |||||||
Non-program related depreciation and amortization | 507 | 455 | 462 | |||||||
Non-program related interest, net: | ||||||||||
Interest expense (net of interest income of $20, $40 and $89) | 306 | 262 | 254 | |||||||
Early extinguishment of debt | 58 | 42 | | |||||||
Acquisition and integration related costs: | ||||||||||
Amortization of pendings and listings | 20 | 256 | | |||||||
Other | 34 | 29 | 112 | |||||||
Litigation and related charges, net | 11 | 103 | 86 | |||||||
Restructuring and other unusual charges | (6 | ) | (14 | ) | 378 | |||||
Mortgage servicing rights impairment | | | 94 | |||||||
Total expenses | 15,842 | 12,478 | 7,950 | |||||||
Gains on dispositions of businesses | | | 443 | |||||||
Losses on dispositions of businesses | | | (26 | ) | ||||||
Impairment of investments | | | (441 | ) | ||||||
Income before income taxes, minority interest and equity in Homestore | 2,173 | 1,547 | 638 | |||||||
Provision for income taxes | 722 | 516 | 207 | |||||||
Minority interest, net of tax | 21 | 22 | 24 | |||||||
Losses related to equity in Homestore, net of tax | | | 77 | |||||||
Income from continuing operations | 1,430 | 1,009 | 330 | |||||||
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | 35 | 93 | 93 | |||||||
Loss on disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax | | (256 | ) | | ||||||
Income before cumulative effect of accounting changes | 1,465 | 846 | 423 | |||||||
Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax | (293 | ) | | (38 | ) | |||||
Net income | $ | 1,172 | $ | 846 | $ | 385 | ||||
CD common stock earnings per share: |
||||||||||
Basic | ||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 1.41 | $ | 0.99 | $ | 0.36 | ||||
Net income | 1.15 | 0.83 | 0.42 | |||||||
Diluted | ||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 1.38 | $ | 0.97 | $ | 0.35 | ||||
Net income | 1.13 | 0.81 | 0.41 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-3
Cendant Corporation and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except share data)
|
December 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
|||||
ASSETS | |||||||
Current assets: | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 839 | $ | 125 | |||
Restricted cash | 448 | 307 | |||||
Receivables (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $157 and $130) | 1,665 | 1,453 | |||||
Deferred income taxes | 454 | 331 | |||||
Assets of discontinued operations | 556 | 556 | |||||
Other current assets | 1,060 | 1,105 | |||||
Total current assets | 5,022 | 3,877 | |||||
Property and equipment, net |
1,763 |
1,736 |
|||||
Deferred income taxes | 703 | 1,147 | |||||
Goodwill | 10,716 | 10,299 | |||||
Other intangibles, net | 2,311 | 2,372 | |||||
Other non-current assets | 964 | 1,318 | |||||
Total assets exclusive of assets under programs | 21,479 | 20,749 | |||||
Assets under management and mortgage programs: | |||||||
Program cash | 542 | 354 | |||||
Mortgage loans held for sale | 2,494 | 1,923 | |||||
Relocation receivables | 534 | 239 | |||||
Vehicle-related, net | 10,143 | 10,052 | |||||
Timeshare-related, net | 1,803 | 675 | |||||
Mortgage servicing rights, net | 1,641 | 1,380 | |||||
Derivatives related to mortgage servicing rights | 316 | 385 | |||||
Other | 120 | 172 | |||||
17,593 | 15,180 | ||||||
Total assets | $ | 39,072 | $ | 35,929 | |||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |
|||||||
Current liabilities: | |||||||
Accounts payable and other current liabilities | $ | 4,668 | $ | 4,274 | |||
Current portion of long-term debt | 1,629 | 30 | |||||
Liabilities of discontinued operations | 61 | 45 | |||||
Deferred income | 854 | 680 | |||||
Total current liabilities | 7,212 | 5,029 | |||||
Long-term debt, excluding Upper DECS |
3,510 |
5,571 |
|||||
Upper DECS | 863 | 863 | |||||
Deferred income | 311 | 320 | |||||
Other non-current liabilities | 882 | 692 | |||||
Total liabilities exclusive of liabilities under programs | 12,778 | 12,475 | |||||
Liabilities under management and mortgage programs: |
|||||||
Debt | 9,141 | 12,747 | |||||
Debt due to AESOP Funding II, LLCrelated party | 5,644 | | |||||
Derivatives related to mortgage servicing rights | 231 | | |||||
Deferred income taxes | 1,092 | 1,017 | |||||
16,108 | 13,764 | ||||||
Mandatorily redeemable preferred interest in a subsidiary | | 375 | |||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 19) | |||||||
Stockholders' equity: |
|||||||
Preferred stock, $.01 par valueauthorized 10 million shares; none issued and outstanding | | | |||||
CD common stock, $.01 par valueauthorized 2 billion shares; issued 1,260,397,204 and 1,238,952,970 shares |
13 | 12 | |||||
Additional paid-in capital | 10,284 | 10,090 | |||||
Retained earnings | 4,430 | 3,258 | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 209 | (14 | ) | ||||
CD treasury stock, at cost251,553,531 and 207,188,268 shares | (4,750 | ) | (4,031 | ) | |||
Total stockholders' equity | 10,186 | 9,315 | |||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 39,072 | $ | 35,929 | |||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-4
Cendant Corporation and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||
Operating Activities | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | 1,172 | $ | 846 | $ | 385 | ||||
Adjustments to arrive at income from continuing operations | 258 | 163 | (55 | ) | ||||||
Income from continuing operations | 1,430 | 1,009 | 330 | |||||||
Adjustments to reconcile income from continuing operations to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities exclusive of management and mortgage programs: |
||||||||||
Non-program related depreciation and amortization | 507 | 455 | 462 | |||||||
Amortization of pendings and listings | 20 | 256 | | |||||||
Gain on dispositions of business | | | (443 | ) | ||||||
Losses on dispositions of business | | | 26 | |||||||
Impairment of investments | | | 441 | |||||||
Proceeds from sales of trading securities | | | 110 | |||||||
Deferred income taxes | 447 | 420 | 419 | |||||||
Net change in assets and liabilities, excluding the impact of acquisitions and dispositions: | ||||||||||
Receivables | 35 | (72 | ) | 20 | ||||||
Income taxes | 292 | 46 | (201 | ) | ||||||
Accounts payable and other current liabilities | (177 | ) | (25 | ) | 525 | |||||
Payment of stockholder litigation settlement liability | | (2,850 | ) | | ||||||
Deferred income | (85 | ) | (210 | ) | (162 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from termination of fair value hedges | 200 | 65 | | |||||||
Other, net | 186 | (53 | ) | (165 | ) | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities exclusive of management and mortgage programs |
2,855 | (959 | ) | 1,362 | ||||||
Management and mortgage programs: | ||||||||||
Vehicle depreciation | 2,031 | 1,742 | 1,403 | |||||||
Amortization and impairment of mortgage servicing rights | 893 | 922 | 287 | |||||||
Net gain on mortgage servicing rights and related derivatives | (163 | ) | (115 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||
Origination of mortgage loans | (62,843 | ) | (44,017 | ) | (40,963 | ) | ||||
Proceeds on sale of and payments from mortgage loans held for sale | 64,371 | 43,459 | 40,643 | |||||||
4,289 | 1,991 | 1,367 | ||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 7,144 | 1,032 | 2,729 | |||||||
Investing Activities | ||||||||||
Property and equipment additions | (458 | ) | (390 | ) | (301 | ) | ||||
Net assets acquired (net of cash acquired of $99, $178 and $308) and acquisition-related payments | (325 | ) | (1,372 | ) | (2,757 | ) | ||||
Proceeds received on asset sales | 133 | 21 | 26 | |||||||
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities | 4 | 14 | 17 | |||||||
Purchases of non-marketable securities | (63 | ) | (3 | ) | (97 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from (payments to) stockholder litigation settlement trust | | 1,410 | (1,060 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from dispositions of businesses, net of transaction-related payments | | 1,151 | 109 | |||||||
Other, net | 145 | (46 | ) | (95 | ) | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities exclusive of management and mortgage programs |
(564 | ) | 785 | (4,158 | ) | |||||
F-5
Cendant Corporation and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
(In millions)
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||
Management and mortgage programs: | ||||||||||
(Increase) decrease in program cash | (110 | ) | 676 | (579 | ) | |||||
Investment in vehicles | (14,782 | ) | (10,643 | ) | (8,144 | ) | ||||
Payments received on investment in vehicles | 13,026 | 7,988 | 7,142 | |||||||
Equity advances on homes under management | (5,699 | ) | (5,968 | ) | (6,306 | ) | ||||
Repayment on advances on homes under management | 5,635 | 6,028 | 6,340 | |||||||
Origination of timeshare-related assets | (1,015 | ) | (1,031 | ) | (490 | ) | ||||
Principal collection of investment in timeshare-related assets | 799 | 952 | 538 | |||||||
Additions to mortgage servicing rights | (1,008 | ) | (928 | ) | (955 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from sales of mortgage servicing rights | 10 | 16 | 58 | |||||||
Cash received on derivatives related to mortgage servicing rights, net | 295 | 370 | 163 | |||||||
Other, net | 20 | 26 | 10 | |||||||
(2,829 | ) | (2,514 | ) | (2,223 | ) | |||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (3,393 | ) | (1,729 | ) | (6,381 | ) | ||||
Financing Activities | ||||||||||
Proceeds from borrowings | 2,593 | 637 | 5,608 | |||||||
Principal payments on borrowings | (3,479 | ) | (2,111 | ) | (2,213 | ) | ||||
Issuances of common stock | 446 | 112 | 877 | |||||||
Repurchases of common stock | (1,090 | ) | (278 | ) | (254 | ) | ||||
Other, net | (86 | ) | (56 | ) | (148 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities exclusive of management and mortgage programs |
(1,616 | ) | (1,696 | ) | 3,870 | |||||
Management and mortgage programs: | ||||||||||
Proceeds from borrowings | 27,757 | 15,171 | 9,460 | |||||||
Principal payments on borrowings | (28,495 | ) | (14,614 | ) | (8,798 | ) | ||||
Net change in short-term borrowings | (702 | ) | (114 | ) | 116 | |||||
Other, net | (25 | ) | (8 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||
(1,465 | ) | 435 | 772 | |||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (3,081 | ) | (1,261 | ) | 4,642 | |||||
Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | (7 | ) | 41 | (8 | ) | |||||
Cash provided by discontinued operations | 51 | 100 | 104 | |||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 714 | (1,817 | ) | 1,086 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 125 | 1,942 | 856 | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 839 | $ | 125 | $ | 1,942 | ||||
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information | ||||||||||
Interest payments | $ | 806 | $ | 788 | $ | 609 | ||||
Income tax payments, net | $ | 2 | $ | 62 | $ | 40 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-6
Cendant Corporation and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In millions)
|
Common Stock |
|
|
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Treasury Stock |
|
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Retained Earnings |
Total Stockholders' Equity |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Shares |
Amount |
Shares |
Amount |
|||||||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2001 | 917 | $ | 9 | $ | 4,540 | $ | 2,027 | $ | (234 | ) | (179 | ) | $ | (3,568 | ) | $ | 2,774 | ||||||
Comprehensive income: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income | | | | 385 | | | | ||||||||||||||||
Currency translation adjustment | | | | | (65 | ) | | | |||||||||||||||
Unrealized losses on cash flow hedges, net of tax of ($22) | | | | | (33 | ) | | | |||||||||||||||
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities, net of tax of $21 | | | | | 33 | | | ||||||||||||||||
Reclassification for realized holding losses, net of tax of $29 | | | | | 56 | | | ||||||||||||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of tax of ($13) | | | | | (21 | ) | | | |||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income | 355 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuances of CD common stock | 108 | 1 | 2,342 | | | | | 2,343 | |||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options | 26 | | 237 | | | 2 | 27 | 264 | |||||||||||||||
Tax benefit from exercise of stock options | | | 59 | | | | | 59 | |||||||||||||||
Repurchases of CD common stock | | | | | | (12 | ) | (226 | ) | (226 | ) | ||||||||||||
Repurchases of Move.com common stock | (2 | ) | | (75 | ) | | | | | (75 | ) | ||||||||||||
Present value of forward purchase contract distributions and related costs | | | (48 | ) | | | | | (48 | ) | |||||||||||||
Modifications to stock options | | | 25 | | | | | 25 | |||||||||||||||
Issuance of CD common stock and conversion of stock options for acquisitions | 117 | 1 | 1,604 | | | | | 1,605 | |||||||||||||||
Other | | | (8 | ) | | | | | (8 | ) | |||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2001 | 1,166 | 11 | 8,676 | 2,412 | (264 | ) | (189 | ) | (3,767 | ) | 7,068 | ||||||||||||
Comprehensive income: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income | | | | 846 | | | | ||||||||||||||||
Currency translation adjustment | | | | | 66 | | | ||||||||||||||||
Reclassification of foreign currency translation losses realized upon the sale of NCP | | | | | 245 | | | ||||||||||||||||
Unrealized losses on cash flow hedges, net of tax of ($5) | | | | | (8 | ) | | | |||||||||||||||
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities, net of tax of ($12) | | | | | (19 | ) | | | |||||||||||||||
Reclassification for realized holding losses, net of tax of $2 | | | | | 3 | | | ||||||||||||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of tax of ($23) | | | | | (37 | ) | | | |||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income | 1,096 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuances of CD common stock | 6 | | 62 | | | | | 62 | |||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options | 8 | | 72 | | | 2 | 27 | 99 | |||||||||||||||
Tax benefit from exercise of stock options | | | 25 | | | | | 25 | |||||||||||||||
Repurchases of CD common stock | | | | | | (20 | ) | (291 | ) | (291 | ) | ||||||||||||
Issuance of CD common stock and conversion of stock options for acquisitions | 59 | 1 | 1,139 | | | | | 1,140 | |||||||||||||||
Issuance of subsidiary stock | | | 98 | | | | | 98 | |||||||||||||||
Other | | | 18 | | | | | 18 | |||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2002 | 1,239 | 12 | 10,090 | 3,258 | (14 | ) | (207 | ) | (4,031 | ) | 9,315 |
F-7
Cendant Corporation and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Continued)
(In millions)
|
Common Stock |
|
|
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Treasury Stock |
|
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Retained Earnings |
Total Stockholders' Equity |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Shares |
Amount |
Shares |
Amount |
|||||||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2003 | 1,239 | 12 | 10,090 | 3,258 | (14 | ) | (207 | ) | (4,031 | ) | 9,315 | ||||||||||||
Comprehensive income: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income | | | | 1,172 | | | | ||||||||||||||||
Currency translation adjustment | | | | | 143 | | | ||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges, net of tax of $27 | | | | | 38 | | | ||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities, net of tax of $25 | | | | | 45 | | | ||||||||||||||||
Reclassification for realized holding gains, net of tax of ($1) | | | | | (3 | ) | | | |||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income | 1,395 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuances of CD common stock | | (4 | ) | | | 1 | 21 | 17 | |||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options | 21 | | 75 | | | 19 | 359 | 434 | |||||||||||||||
Tax benefit from exercise of stock options | | | 106 | | | | | 106 | |||||||||||||||
Repurchases of CD common stock | | | | | | (65 | ) | (1,099 | ) | (1,099 | ) | ||||||||||||
Amortization of deferred compensation | | | 15 | | | | | 15 | |||||||||||||||
Other | | 1 | 2 | | | | | 3 | |||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2003 | 1,260 | $ | 13 | $ | 10,284 | $ | 4,430 | $ | 209 | (252 | ) | $ | (4,750 | ) | $ | 10,186 | |||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-8
Cendant Corporation and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unless otherwise noted, all amounts are in millions, except per share amounts)
1. Basis of Presentation
Cendant Corporation is a global provider of a wide range of complementary consumer and business services, focusing primarily on travel and real estate services and operating in the following business segments:
Prior to January 1, 2004, the Company reported the results of its operations in five segments: Real Estate Services, Hospitality Services, Travel Distribution Services, Vehicle Services and Marketing Services. Effective January 1, 2004, in order to continue to improve the transparency of its financial results, the Company began reporting its mortgage and settlement services businesses as a separate reportable operating segment, Mortgage Services, and the remainder of its former Real Estate Services segment as the Real Estate Franchise and Operations segment. Accordingly, the segment information presented in Note 27Segment Information herein has been revised to reflect this change.
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts and transactions of Cendant Corporation and its subsidiaries ("Cendant"), as well as entities in which Cendant directly or indirectly has a controlling financial interest (collectively, the "Company"). For more detailed information regarding the Company's consolidation policy, refer to Note 2Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. In presenting the Consolidated Financial Statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and related disclosures. Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and available information. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year presentation.
Management and Mortgage Programs. The Company's Consolidated Financial Statements present separately the financial data of the Company's management and mortgage programs. These programs are distinct from the Company's other activities since the assets are generally funded through the issuance of debt that is collateralized by such assets. Specifically, in the Company's vehicle rental, fleet
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management, relocation, mortgage services and vacation ownership businesses, assets under management and mortgage programs are funded through either borrowings under asset-backed funding arrangements or unsecured borrowings at the Company's PHH subsidiary. Such borrowings are classified as debt under management and mortgage programs. The income generated by these assets is used, in part, to repay the principal and interest associated with the debt. Cash inflows and outflows relating to the generation or acquisition of such assets and the principal debt repayment or financing of such assets are classified as activities of the Company's management and mortgage programs. The Company believes it is appropriate to segregate the financial data of its management and mortgage programs because, ultimately, the source of repayment of such debt is the realization of such assets.
Discontinued Operations. On June 25, 2004, the Company completed an initial public offering ("IPO") for the sale of 100% of its ownership interest in Jackson Hewitt Tax Service Inc. ("Jackson Hewitt"), a then wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company within its former Financial Services segment (which was renamed as the Marketing Services segment upon the completion of the IPO). Jackson Hewitt is an operator and franchisor of tax preparation systems and services. In connection with the IPO, the Company received $777 million in cash and recorded a gain of approximately $251 million ($198 million, after tax) in second quarter 2004.
On May 22, 2002, the Company sold its car parking facility business, National Car Parks ("NCP"), a then wholly-owned subsidiary within its Vehicle Services segment, for $1.2 billion in cash. NCP operated off-street commercial parking facilities and managed on-street parking and related operations on behalf of town and city administration in England.
Pursuant to SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets," the account balances and activities of Jackson Hewitt and NCP have been segregated and reported as a discontinued operation for all periods presented.
Summarized statement of income data for discontinued operations is as follows:
|
Jackson Hewitt |
NCP |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 177 | $ | 162 | $ | 82 | $ | 155 | $ | 337 | ||||||
Income from discontinued operations | $ | 58 | $ | 70 | $ | 25 | $ | 60 | $ | 96 | ||||||
Provision for income taxes | (23 | ) | (27 | ) | (13 | ) | (9 | ) | (15 | ) | ||||||
$ | 35 | $ | 43 | $ | 12 | $ | 51 | $ | 81 | |||||||
Loss from discontinued operations |
(236 |
) |
||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | (20 | ) | ||||||||||||||
$ | (256 | ) | ||||||||||||||
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Summarized balance sheet data for Jackson Hewitt is as follows:
|
As of December 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
|||||
Assets of discontinued operations: | |||||||
Current assets | $ | 12 | $ | 10 | |||
Property and equipment | 40 | 44 | |||||
Goodwill | 403 | 401 | |||||
Other assets | 101 | 101 | |||||
Total assets of discontinued operations | $ | 556 | $ | 556 | |||
Liabilities of discontinued operations | |||||||
Current liabilities | $ | 21 | $ | 14 | |||
Other liabilities | 40 | 31 | |||||
Total liabilities of discontinued operations | $ | 61 | $ | 45 | |||
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES DURING 2003
Consolidation Policy. On January 17, 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued FASB Interpretation No. 46, "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities" ("FIN 46"). Such Interpretation addresses the consolidation of variable interest entities ("VIEs"), including special purpose entities ("SPEs"), that are not controlled through voting interests or in which the equity investors do not bear the residual economic risks and rewards. The provisions of FIN 46 were effective immediately for transactions entered into by the Company subsequent to January 31, 2003 and became effective for all other transactions as of July 1, 2003. However, in October 2003, the FASB permitted companies to defer the July 1, 2003 effective date to December 31, 2003, in whole or in part. On December 24, 2003, the FASB issued a complete replacement of FIN 46 ("FIN 46R"), which clarified certain complexities of FIN 46 and generally requires adoption no later than December 31, 2003 for entities that were considered SPEs under previous guidance, and no later than March 31, 2004 for all other entities. The Company adopted FIN 46R in its entirety as of December 31, 2003 even though adoption for non-SPEs was not required until March 31, 2004.
In connection with the implementation of FIN 46, the Company consolidated Trilegiant Corporation ("Trilegiant") and Bishop's Gate Residential Mortgage Trust ("Bishop's Gate") effective July 1, 2003 through the application of the prospective transition method. Additionally, the Company deconsolidated AESOP Funding II, LLC ("AESOP Funding") in connection with its adoption of FIN 46R on December 31, 2003. The consolidation of Trilegiant resulted in a non-cash charge of $293 million (both before and after tax) recorded on July 1, 2003 as a cumulative effect of accounting change, which represented the negative equity of Trilegiant and is comprised of assets and liabilities of $205 million and $498 million, respectively. See Note 23Trilegiant Corporation for more information regarding Trilegiant. The consolidation of Bishop's Gate did not result in the recognition of a cumulative effect of accounting change, nor did the deconsolidation of AESOP Funding. See Note 16Debt Under Management and Mortgage Programs and Borrowing Arrangements for more complete information regarding Bishop's Gate and AESOP Funding. The consolidation of Trilegiant
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and Bishop's Gate and the deconsolidation of AESOP Funding caused the Company's total assets and liabilities recorded on its Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2003 to increase as follows:
|
Assets |
Liabilities |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bishop's Gate (a) | $ | 1,720 | $ | 1,651 | ||
Trilegiant (b) | 97 | 405 | ||||
AESOP Funding (c) | 264 | 264 |
New Policy. In connection with FIN 46R, when evaluating an entity for consolidation, the Company first determines whether an entity is within the scope of FIN 46R and if it is deemed to be a VIE. If the entity is considered to be a VIE, the Company determines whether it would be considered the entity's primary beneficiary. The Company consolidates those VIEs for which it has determined that it is the primary beneficiary. Generally, the Company will consolidate an entity not deemed either a VIE or qualifying special purpose entity ("QSPE") upon a determination that its ownership, direct or indirect, exceeds fifty percent of the outstanding voting shares of an entity and/or that it has the ability to control the financial or operating policies through its voting rights, board representation or other similar rights. For entities where the Company does not have a controlling interest (financial or operating), the investments in such entities are classified as available-for-sale debt securities or accounted for using the equity or cost method, as appropriate. The Company applies the equity method of accounting when it has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of an investee in accordance with APB Opinion No. 18, "The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Common Stock."
Previous Policy. Prior to the adoption of FIN 46 and FIN 46R, the Company did not consolidate SPE and SPE-type entities unless the Company retained both control of the assets transferred and the risks and rewards of those assets. Additionally, non-SPE-type entities were only consolidated if the Company's ownership exceeded fifty percent of the outstanding voting shares of an entity and/or if the Company had the ability to control the financial or operating policies of an entity through its voting rights, board representation or other similar rights.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. On July 1, 2003, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 149, "Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities." Such standard amends and clarifies the accounting for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities under SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities." The impact of adopting this standard was not material to the Company's results of operations or financial position.
Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity. On July 1, 2003, the Company adopted SFAS No. 150, "Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity." This standard addresses how certain financial instruments with characteristics of both liabilities and equity should be classified and measured. As a result, on July 1, 2003, the Company reclassified its $375 million mandatorily redeemable preferred interest in a subsidiary from the mezzanine section of the Consolidated Balance Sheet to long-term debt (see Note 18Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Interest in a Subsidiary).
Stock-Based Compensation. Prior to January 1, 2003, the Company measured its stock-based compensation using the intrinsic value approach under Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 25, as permitted by SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation." Accordingly, the Company did not recognize compensation expense upon the issuance of stock options to employees
F-12
because the option terms were fixed and the exercise price equaled the market price of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. The Company complied with the provisions of SFAS No. 123 by providing pro forma disclosures of net income and related per share data giving consideration to the fair value method provisions of SFAS No. 123.
On January 1, 2003, the Company adopted the fair value method of accounting for stock-based compensation provisions of SFAS No. 123, which is considered by the FASB to be the preferable accounting method for stock-based employee compensation. The Company also adopted SFAS No. 148, "Accounting for Stock-Based CompensationTransition and Disclosure," in its entirety on January 1, 2003, which amended SFAS No. 123 to provide alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based method of accounting provisions. As a result, the Company now expenses all employee stock awards over their vesting periods based upon the fair value of the award on the date of grant. As the Company elected to use the prospective transition method, the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income for 2003 reflects stock-based compensation expense only for employee stock awards that were granted or modified subsequent to December 31, 2002. The following table illustrates the effect on net income and the related per share amounts as if the Company had applied the fair value based method to all outstanding employee stock awards for all periods presented:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||
Reported net income | $ | 1,172 | $ | 846 | $ | 385 | |||||
Add back: Stock-based employee compensation expense included in reported net income, net of tax (a) | 10 | 2 | 15 | ||||||||
Less: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair value based method for all awards, net of tax (b) | (50 | ) | (297 | ) | (233 | ) | |||||
Pro forma net income | $ | 1,132 | $ | 551 | $ | 167 | |||||
Earnings per share: | |||||||||||
Reported | |||||||||||
Basic | $ | 1.15 | $ | 0.83 | $ | 0.42 | |||||
Diluted | 1.13 | 0.81 | 0.41 | ||||||||
Pro forma | |||||||||||
Basic | $ | 1.11 | $ | 0.54 | $ | 0.17 | |||||
Diluted | 1.09 | 0.53 | 0.16 |
Early Extinguishment of Debt. On January 1, 2003, the Company adopted SFAS No. 145, "Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44, and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical Corrections." Such standard requires any gain or loss on the early extinguishment of debt to be presented as a component of continuing operations (unless specific criteria are met) whereas SFAS No. 4 required that such gain or loss be classified as an extraordinary item in determining net income. Accordingly, on January 1, 2003, the Company reclassified $42 million of 2002 pre-tax net losses on the early
F-13
extinguishments of debt to continuing operations as a component of net non-program related interest expense.
Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities. On January 1, 2003, the Company adopted SFAS No. 146, "Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities." Such standard nullifies EITF Issue No. 94-3, "Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring)." Under SFAS No. 146, a liability related to an exit or disposal activity (including restructurings) initiated after December 31, 2002 is not recognized until such liability has actually been incurred whereas under EITF Issue No. 94-3 a liability was recognized at the date of commitment to an exit or disposal plan. The impact of adopting this standard was not material to the Company's results of operations or financial position.
Guarantees. On January 1, 2003, the Company adopted FASB Interpretation No. 45, "Guarantor's Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others," in its entirety. Such Interpretation elaborates on the disclosures to be made by a guarantor about its obligations under certain guarantees issued. It also clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize, at the inception of certain guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee. The impact of adopting this Interpretation was not material to the Company's results of operations or financial position.
CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES DURING 2002
Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets. On January 1, 2002, the Company adopted SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets," in its entirety. Prior to the adoption, all intangible assets (including goodwill) were amortized over the estimated periods to be benefited, generally on a straight-line basis. Therefore, the results of operations for 2001 reflect the amortization of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, while the results of operations for 2003 and 2002 do not reflect such amortization (see Note 5Intangible Assets for a pro forma disclosure depicting the Company's results of operations during 2001 after applying the non-amortization provisions of SFAS No. 142). In connection with SFAS No. 142, the Company is required to assess goodwill and intangible assets for impairment annually, or more frequently if circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred.
The Company assesses goodwill for such impairment by comparing the carrying value of its reporting units to their fair values. The Company's reporting units are one level below the Company's reportable operating segments, with the exception of the Mortgage Services and Travel Distribution Services segments. The Company's Hospitality Services segment has four reporting units, while the Company's Real Estate Franchise and Operations and Marketing Services segments have three reporting units and its Vehicle Services segment has two reporting units. The Mortgage Services and Travel Distribution Services segments have only one reporting unit each. The Company determines the fair value of its reporting units utilizing discounted cash flows and incorporates assumptions that it believes marketplace participants would utilize. When available and as appropriate, the Company uses comparative market multiples to corroborate the discounted cash flow results. The Company's amortizable intangible assets are tested for impairment based on the comparison of its undiscounted cash flows to its carrying amounts and, if impaired, written down to fair value based on either discounted cash flows or appraised values. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment and written down to fair value, as required by SFAS No. 142.
The Company performed its initial goodwill impairment assessment on January 1, 2002 in connection with the adoption of SFAS No. 142 and determined that the carrying amounts of its reporting units did not exceed their respective fair values. Accordingly, the initial implementation of this standard did not result in a charge and, as such, did not impact the Company's results of operations during 2002. Subsequent to the initial assessment, the Company performed its review annually, or more frequently
F-14
if circumstances indicated impairment may have occurred, and during 2003 and 2002, determined that no such impairment had occurred.
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. On January 1, 2002, the Company adopted SFAS No. 144, which supersedes SFAS No. 121, "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of," and replaces the accounting and reporting provisions of APB Opinion No. 30, "Reporting Results of OperationsReporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business and Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions," as it relates to the disposal of a segment of a business. SFAS No. 144 requires the use of a single accounting model for long-lived assets to be disposed of by sale, including discontinued operations, by requiring those long-lived assets to be measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. The impairment recognition and measurement provisions of SFAS No. 121 were retained for all long-lived assets to be held and used, with the exception of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets but including amortizable intangible assets.
The Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets (which included goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets during 2001) by comparing the respective carrying values of the assets to the current and expected future cash flows, on an undiscounted basis, to be generated from such assets. Property and equipment is evaluated separately within each business.
CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES DURING 2001
Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities. On April 1, 2001, the Company adopted SFAS No. 140, "Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilitiesa replacement of FASB Statement No. 125" in its entirety. This standard revised the criteria for accounting for securitizations, other financial asset transfers and collateral and introduced new disclosures, but otherwise carried forward most of the provisions of SFAS No. 125, "Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities" without amendment. The impact of adopting this standard was not material to the Company's results of operations or financial position.
Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment on Purchased and Retained Interests in Securitized Financial Assets. On January 1, 2001, the Company adopted the provisions of the Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") Issue No. 99-20, "Recognition of Interest Income and Impairment on Purchased and Retained Interests in Securitized Financial Assets." Prior to the adoption of EITF Issue No. 99-20, the Company accounted for impairment of beneficial interests in securitizations in accordance with SFAS No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities," and EITF Issue No. 93-18, "Recognition of Impairment for an Investment in a Collateralized Mortgage Obligation Instrument or in a Mortgage-Backed Interest-Only Certificate." EITF Issue No. 99-20 modified the accounting for interest income and impairment of beneficial interests in securitization transactions, whereby beneficial interests determined to have an other-than-temporary impairment are required to be written down to fair value. The adoption of EITF Issue No. 99-20 resulted in the recognition of a non-cash charge of $46 million ($27 million, after tax) in the Consolidated Statement of Income on January 1, 2001 to account for the cumulative effect of the accounting change.
Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. On January 1, 2001, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 133. This standard, as amended and interpreted, established accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities. As required by SFAS No. 133, the Company has recorded all such derivatives at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The adoption of this standard resulted in the recognition of a non-cash charge of $16 million ($11 million, after tax) in the Consolidated Statement of Income on January 1, 2001 to account for the cumulative effect of the accounting change relating to derivatives designated in fair value type hedges prior to adopting this standard, to derivatives not designated as hedges and to certain embedded derivatives. As provided for in SFAS No. 133, the Company also reclassified certain financial
F-15
investments as trading securities at January 1, 2001, which resulted in a pre-tax net benefit of $10 million recorded in other revenues within the Consolidated Statement of Income.
The Company uses derivative instruments as part of its overall strategy to manage its exposure to market risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, and, in 2003, prices of Homestore common stock. As a matter of policy, the Company does not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.
All derivatives are recorded at fair value either as assets or liabilities. Changes in fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments and of derivatives designated as fair value hedging instruments are recognized currently in earnings and included either as a component of net revenues or net non-program related interest expense, based upon the nature of the hedged item, in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Changes in fair value of the hedged item in a fair value hedge are recorded as an adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item and recognized currently in earnings as a component of net revenues or net non-program interest expense, based upon the nature of the hedged item, in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The effective portion of changes in fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments is recorded as a component of other comprehensive income. The ineffective portion is reported currently in earnings as a component of net revenues or net non-program related interest expense, based upon the nature of the hedged item. Amounts included in other comprehensive income are reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged item affects earnings.
The Company is also party to certain contracts containing embedded derivatives. As required by SFAS No. 133, certain embedded derivatives have been bifurcated from their host contracts and are recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The total fair value of the Company's embedded derivatives and changes in fair value during 2003, 2002 and 2001 were not material to the Company's results of operations or financial position.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Real Estate Franchise and Operations
Real Estate Franchise. The Company franchises its real estate brokerage franchise systems to the owners of independent real estate brokerage businesses. The Company provides operational and administrative services to franchisees, which are designed to increase franchisee revenue and profitability. Such services include advertising and promotions, referrals, training and volume purchasing discounts. Franchise revenue principally consists of royalty and marketing fees from the Company's franchisees. The royalty received is primarily based on a percentage of the franchisee's commissions and/or gross revenue. Royalty and marketing fees are accrued as the underlying franchisee revenue is earned (generally upon close of the home sale transaction). Annual rebates given to certain franchisees on royalty fees are recorded as a reduction to revenue and are accrued for in direct proportion to the recognition of the underlying gross franchise revenue. Franchise revenue also includes initial franchise fees, which are paid by new franchisees and are recognized by the Company as revenue when all material services or conditions relating to the sale have been substantially performed (generally when a franchised unit opens for business).
Real Estate Brokerage. As an owner-operator of real estate brokerages, the Company assists home buyers and sellers in listing, marketing, selling and finding homes. Real estate commissions earned by the Company's real estate brokerage business are recorded as revenue on a gross basis upon the closing of a real estate transaction (i.e., purchase or sale of a home). The commissions that the Company pays to real estate agents, which approximated $2.9 billion and $2.0 billion during 2003 and 2002, respectively, are recorded as a component of operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
F-16
Relocation. The Company provides relocation services to corporate and government clients for the transfer of their employees. Such services include the purchasing and/or selling of a transferee's home, providing home equity advances to transferees (generally guaranteed by the corporate client), expense processing, household goods moving services and other related services. The Company earns revenues from fees charged to corporate and government clients for the performance of these services and recognizes such revenue as services are provided. Additionally, the Company earns interest income on the funds it advances to the transferring employee, which is recorded ratably as earned up until the point of repayment by the client.
Based on client agreements, the Company negotiates for the ultimate sale of the transferring employee's home. The gain or loss on sale is generally borne by the corporate client. However, in limited circumstances, the Company will assume the risk of loss on the sale of the transferring employee's home. The fees earned in these transactions are recorded on a gross basis with associated costs recorded within expenses. These fees are recognized as services are provided.
The Company also earns revenue from referral services provided to real estate brokers and other third-party service providers. The Company recognizes the referral fees from real estate brokers at the time its obligations are complete. For services where the Company pays a third-party provider on behalf of its clients, the Company earns a referral fee or commission, which is recognized at the time of completion of services.
Mortgage Services
Mortgage. Mortgage services include the origination (funding either a purchase or refinance), sale and servicing of residential mortgage loans. Mortgage loans are originated through a variety of marketing techniques, including relationships with corporations, affinity groups, financial institutions and real estate brokerage firms. The Company may also purchase mortgage loans originated by third parties. Upon the closing of a residential mortgage loan originated or purchased by the Company, the mortgage loan is typically warehoused for a period up to 60 days and then sold into the secondary market (which is customary in the mortgage industry). Mortgage loans held for sale represent those mortgage loans originated or purchased by the Company and pending sale to permanent investors. The Company primarily sells its mortgage loans to government-sponsored entities. Upon sale, the servicing rights and obligations of the underlying mortgage loans are generally retained by the Company. A mortgage servicing right ("MSR") is the right to receive a portion of the interest coupon and fees collected from the mortgagor for performing specified mortgage servicing activities, which consist of collecting loan payments, remitting principal and interest payments to investors, holding escrow funds for payment of mortgage-related expenses such as taxes and insurance, and otherwise administering the Company's mortgage loan servicing portfolio.
Loan origination and commitment fees paid by the borrower in connection with the origination of mortgage loans and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred until such loans are sold to investors. Mortgage loans pending sale are recorded on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets at the lower of cost or market value on an aggregate basis. Sales of mortgage loans are generally recorded on the date a loan is delivered to an investor. Gains or losses on sales of mortgage loans are recognized based upon the difference between the selling price and the allocated carrying value of the related mortgage loans sold. The capitalization of the MSRs also occurs upon sale of the underlying mortgages into the secondary market. Upon initial recording of the MSR asset, the total cost of loans originated or acquired is allocated between the MSR asset and the mortgage loan without the servicing rights based on relative fair values. Servicing revenues comprise several components, including recurring servicing fees, interest income and the amortization of the MSR asset. Recurring servicing fees and interest income are recognized upon receipt of the coupon payment from the borrower and recorded net of guaranty fees. Costs associated with loan servicing are charged to expense as incurred. The MSR asset is amortized over the estimated life of the related loan portfolio
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in proportion to projected net servicing revenues. Such amortization is recorded as a reduction of net servicing revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The MSR asset is routinely evaluated for impairment. For purposes of performing its impairment evaluation, the Company stratifies its portfolio on the basis of product type and interest rates of the underlying mortgage loans. The Company measures impairment for each stratum by comparing estimated fair value to the carrying amount. Fair value is estimated based upon an internal valuation that reflects management's estimates of expected future cash flows considering prepayment estimates (developed using a third party model described below), the Company's historical prepayment rates, portfolio characteristics, interest rates based on interest rate yield curves and other economic factors. The Company uses a third party model, adjusted to reflect the historical prepayment behavior exhibited by its portfolio, to forecast prepayment rates used in the development of its expected future cash flows. The prepayment forecast is based on historical observations of prepayment behavior in similar periods comparing current mortgage interest rates to the mortgage interest rates in the Company's servicing portfolio and incorporates loan characteristics (e.g., loan type and note rate) and factors such as recent prepayment experience, previous refinance opportunities and estimated levels of home equity. Temporary impairment is recorded through a valuation allowance in the period of occurrence as a reduction of net revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company periodically evaluates its MSR asset to determine if the carrying value before the application of the valuation allowance is recoverable. When the Company determines that a portion of the asset is not recoverable, the asset and the previously designated valuation allowance are reduced to reflect the write-down.
Gains or losses on the sale of the MSR asset are recognized when title and all risks and rewards have irrevocably passed to the buyer and there are no significant unresolved contingencies.
Settlement Services. The Company provides title and closing services, which include title search procedures for title insurance policies, home sale escrow and closing services (including ordering appraisal, flood and credit reports). Title agency revenues are recorded at the time a home sale transaction or refinancing closes. Appraisal fees are recognized as revenue when the services are performed, which are often prior to the home sale transaction.
Hospitality Services
Lodging Franchise. The Company franchises its nine lodging franchise systems to the owners of independent hotels. The Company provides operation and administrative services to franchisees, which include access to a national reservation system, national advertising and promotional campaigns, co-marketing programs, referrals, training and volume purchasing discounts. Franchise revenue principally consists of royalties, as well as marketing and reservation fees, which are primarily based on a percentage of the franchisee's gross room revenue. Royalty, marketing and reservation fees are accrued as the underlying franchisee revenue is earned. Franchise revenue also includes initial franchise fees, which are recognized as revenue when all material services or conditions relating to the sale have been substantially performed (generally when a franchised unit opens for business).
Timeshare Exchange. As a provider of timeshare vacation exchange services, the Company enters into affiliation agreements with resort property owners/developers to allow owners of timeshare interests to trade their interests with other subscribers. Timeshare exchange revenue principally consists of exchange fees and subscription revenue. Exchange fees are recognized as revenue when the exchange request has been confirmed to the subscribing members. Subscription revenue represents the fees from subscribing members. The Company records subscription revenue as deferred income on its Consolidated Balance Sheets and recognizes it on a straight-line basis over the subscription period during which delivery of publications and other services are provided to the subscribing members. Marketing and advertising costs are generally expensed as incurred; commissions paid on subscriptions are deferred and amortized over the life of the subscription.
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Timeshare Sales and Marketing. The Company sells and markets vacation ownership interests and provides consumer financing to individuals purchasing vacation ownership interests. Vacation ownership interests sold by the Company consist of either undivided fee simple interests or point-based vacation credits. The Company recognizes sales of vacation ownership interests on a full accrual basis for fully constructed inventory after a binding sales contract has been executed, a 10% minimum down payment has been received, the statutory rescission period has expired and receivables are deemed collectible. During periods of construction, subsequent to the preliminary construction phase and upon assurance that the property will not revert to a rental property, the Company recognizes revenues using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. For percentage-of-completion accounting, the preliminary stage is deemed to be complete when the engineering and design work is complete, the construction contracts have been executed, the site has been cleared, prepared and excavated and the building foundation is complete. The completion percentage is determined by the proportion of real estate inventory and certain sales and marketing costs incurred to total estimated costs. These estimated costs are based upon historical experience and the related contractual terms. The remaining revenue and related costs of sales, including commissions and direct expenses, are deferred and recognized as the remaining costs are incurred. Until a contract for sale qualifies for revenue recognition, all payments received are accounted for as deposits. Commissions and other direct costs related to the sale are deferred until the sale is recorded. If a contract is cancelled before qualifying as a sale, non-recoverable expenses and deposits forfeited are charged and credited to the current period, respectively.
Vacation Home Rental. The Company earns commissions from the rental of holiday accommodations to consumers on behalf of third party owners. Revenue is recognized in the period that the rental reservation is made, net of expected cancellations.
Travel Distribution Services
The Company provides global distribution and computer reservation services, offers travel agency services and provides travel marketing information to airline, car rental and hotel clients. The Company provides scheduling and ticketing services and fare and other information to global travel agencies, Internet travel sites, corporations and individuals to assist them with the placement of airline, car rental and hotel reservations. Such services are provided through the use of a computerized reservation system. The Company also provides airline, car rental, hotel and other travel reservation and fulfillment services to members of its timeshare exchange programs and members of certain of Trilegiant's programs. Further, the Company provides hotels, car rental businesses and tour/leisure travel operators, including Internet travel companies, with access to reservation systems and processing. Revenues generated from fees charged to airline, car rental, hotel and other travel suppliers for bookings made through the Company's computerized reservation system are recognized at the time the reservation is made for air bookings, at the time of pick-up for car bookings and at the time of check-out for hotel bookings. Revenues generated from leased equipment charges to system subscribers are recognized over the term of the contract at contracted rates.
Vehicle Services
Vehicle Rental Business. The Company operates and franchises the Avis and Budget rental systems, providing vehicle rentals to business and leisure travelers. Revenue from vehicle rentals is recognized over the period the vehicle is rented. Franchise revenue principally consists of royalties, as well as marketing fees, received from the Company's franchisees in conjunction with vehicle rental transactions. Royalty and marketing fees are accrued as the underlying franchisee revenue is earned (generally upon the rental of a vehicle).
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Leased Vehicle Business. The Company also provides fleet and fuel card related products and services to corporate clients and government agencies. These services include management and leasing of vehicles, fuel card payment and reporting and other fee-based services for clients' vehicle fleets. The Company leases vehicles primarily to corporate fleet users under open-end operating and direct financing lease arrangements where the customer bears substantially all of the vehicle's residual value risk. In limited circumstances, the Company leases vehicles under closed-end leases where the Company bears all of the vehicle's residual value risk. The lease term under the open-end lease agreement provides for a minimum lease term of twelve months and after the minimum term, the lease may be continued at the lessee's election for successive monthly renewals. For operating leases, lease revenues, which contain a depreciation component, an interest component and a management fee component, are recognized based on the lease term of the vehicle, which encompasses the minimum lease term and the month-to-month renewals. For direct financing leases, lease revenue contains an interest component, which is recognized using an interest method based on the lease term of the vehicle, which encompasses the minimum lease term and the month-to-month renewals. Amounts charged to the lessees for interest are determined in accordance with the pricing supplement to the respective lease agreement and are generally calculated on a floating rate basis and can vary month to month in accordance with changes in the floating rate index. Amounts charged to lessees for interest may also be based on a fixed rate that would remain constant for the life of the lease. Amounts charged to the lessees for depreciation are typically based on the straight-line depreciation of the vehicle over its expected lease term. Management fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease. Revenue for other services is recognized when such services are provided to the lessee.
Marketing Services
Loyalty/Insurance Marketing. The Company markets and administers insurance products, primarily accidental death and dismemberment insurance, and provides services such as checking account enhancement packages, various financial products and discount programs, to financial institutions, which, in turn, provide these services to their customers. Commissions received from the sale of checking account enhancement packages, various financial products and discount programs are recognized as revenue ratably over the period during which services are provided. Commission revenues received from the carrier for accidental death and dismemberment insurance and other insurance products are received and recognized during the underlying policy period. For the accidental death and dismemberment insurance product, the Company also receives a share of the excess of premiums paid to insurance carriers less claims experience to date, claims incurred but not reported, reinsurance costs and carrier administrative fees. The Company's share of this excess is accrued based on claims experience to date, including an estimate of claims incurred but not reported.
Individual Membership. The Company, through its relationship with Trilegiant, provides consumers with a variety of membership programs offering discounted products and services in such areas as retail shopping, auto, dining, home improvement and credit information. In July 2001, the Company outsourced its individual membership business to Trilegiant (see Note 23Trilegiant Corporation for a detailed description of this transaction). Prior to this transaction, the Company generally recorded membership revenue as deferred income on its Consolidated Balance Sheets and recognized it upon the expiration of the membership period, as memberships were generally cancelable for a full refund of the membership fee during the entire membership period, which was generally one year. Revenues generated from memberships that were subject to a pro rata refund were recognized ratably over the membership period. Subsequent to the outsourcing of the individual membership business, the Company continues to recognize revenue in the same manner for its members that existed as of the transaction date and, as of July 1, 2003, for Trilegiant's members (due to the consolidation of Trilegiant pursuant to FIN 46).
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VEHICLE DEPRECIATION, LEASE CHARGES AND INTEREST, NET
Vehicles are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. The initial cost of the vehicles is net of incentives and allowances from vehicle manufacturers.
Rental Vehicles. The Company acquires the majority of its rental vehicles pursuant to repurchase programs established by automobile manufacturers. Under these programs, the manufacturers agree to repurchase vehicles at a specified price and date, subject to certain eligibility criteria (such as car condition and mileage requirements). Rental vehicles are depreciated on a straight-line basis giving consideration to the contractual residual values that are guaranteed to be paid for the vehicles when returned to the manufacturers and are a function of the number of months between the original purchased date of the vehicle and the sale date of the vehicle back to the manufacturers. The difference between the carrying value of rental vehicles under repurchase programs and the contracted guaranteed residual values was approximately $70 million at December 31, 2003, which will be depreciated in a manner consistent with the depreciation charges to be taken over the anticipated remaining holding period. For 2003, 2002 and 2001, rental vehicles were depreciated at rates ranging from 7% to 29% per annum with the objective of minimizing any gain or loss on the sale of the vehicles. Upon disposal of the vehicles, depreciation expense is adjusted for any difference between the net proceeds from the sale and the remaining book value. As market conditions change, the Company adjusts its depreciation rates prospectively, over the remaining holding period, to reflect these changes in market conditions.
Leased Vehicles. Leased vehicles are principally depreciated on a straight-line basis over a term that generally ranges from 3 to 6 years. Gains or losses on the sale of vehicles under closed-end leases are reflected as an adjustment to depreciation expense.
ADVERTISING EXPENSES
Advertising costs are generally expensed in the period incurred. Advertising expenses, recorded within marketing and reservation expenses on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income, were approximately $1.2 billion, $871 million and $621 million in 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
The Company considers highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
RESTRICTED CASH
The Company is required to set aside cash primarily in relation to agreements entered into by its mortgage and car rental businesses. Restricted cash amounts classified as current assets primarily relate to (i) fees collected and held for pending mortgage closings, (ii) accounts held for the capital fund requirements of and potential claims related to mortgage reinsurance agreements and (iii) insurance claim payments related to the car rental business.
INVESTMENTS
Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments in debt and equity securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such determination at each balance sheet date. The Company's non-marketable preferred stock investments are classified as available-for-sale debt securities or accounted for at cost, as appropriate. All other non-marketable securities are carried at cost. Common stock investments in affiliates over which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence but not a controlling interest are carried on the equity method of accounting. Available-for-sale securities are carried at current fair value with unrealized gains or losses reported net of taxes as a separate component of stockholders' equity. Trading securities are recorded at fair value with realized and unrealized gains and losses reported currently in earnings.
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All of the Company's short-term investments are included in other current assets on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and all long-term investments are included in other non-current assets (with the exception of retained interests in securitizations, which are included in assets under management and mortgage programs). All realized gains and losses and preferred dividend income are recorded within other revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Gains and losses on securities sold are based on the specific identification method. Declines in market value that are judged to be "other than temporary" are recorded as a component of impairment of investments in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
As of December 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company's investment portfolio primarily consisted of its retained interests in securitizations ($183 million and $479 million, respectively) and its investment in Homestore, Inc. ($81 million at December 31, 2003). During 2003, the Company recorded $81 million of unrealized gains and $4 million of realized gains relating to its investment in Homestore (see discussion below for more information). During 2001, the Company recorded gross realized losses of $77 million in connection with its investment in trading securities.
Additionally, in 2001, the Company reviewed its investment portfolio for other-than-temporary impairment and recorded the following losses related to such impairments:
|
|
2001 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Investment in Homestore, Inc. | $ | (407) | |||
Other (*) | (34) | ||||
$ | (441) | ||||
Retained Interests from Securitizations. The Company's retained interests in securitized financial assets consisted of:
|
As of December 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
|||||
Tradingretained interest in securitized timeshare receivables | $ | 81 | $ | 274 | |||
Available for sale: | |||||||
Mortgage-backed securities | 102 | 114 | |||||
Retained interest in securitized relocation receivables | | 91 | |||||
Total | $ | 183 | $ | 479 | |||
The retained interests from the Company's securitizations of residential mortgage loans, with the exception of mortgage servicing rights (the accounting for which is described above under "Revenue RecognitionMortgage"), are classified as available-for-sale mortgage-backed securities and recorded as a component of other assets under management and mortgage programs within the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The retained interests from the Company's securitizations of timeshare receivables are classified as trading securities and recorded within timeshare-related assets under management and mortgage programs on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Gains or losses relating to the assets securitized are allocated between such assets and the retained interests based on their relative fair values on the date of sale. The Company estimates fair value of retained interests based upon the present value of expected future cash flows, which is subject to the prepayment risks, expected credit losses and interest rate risks of the sold financial assets. See Note 17Securitizations for more information regarding these retained interests.
Homestore, Inc. ("Homestore"). The Company's investment in Homestore was received in exchange for the February 2001 sale of its former move.com and ancillary businesses (see Note 26Dispositions
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of Businesses). This investment was initially accounted for under the equity method of accounting based upon the Company's ability to influence Homestore. Accordingly, the Company recorded its proportionate share of Homestore's losses as a component of losses related to equity in Homestore on the Consolidated Statement of Income for 2001. However, during fourth quarter 2001, the Company determined that an other-than-temporary impairment of its investment in Homestore had occurred. After consideration of several indicators, including the extent to which the market value of Homestore had declined since July 2001, the Company revalued the investment to its estimate of Homestore's fair value. In connection with this revaluation, the Company recorded a net impairment charge of $407 million ($244 million, after tax) during fourth quarter 2001. The Company also recorded its proportionate share of Homestore's estimated fourth quarter 2001 losses to the extent that such amount did not reduce the Company's investment in Homestore beyond zero. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, the Company's investment in Homestore was recorded at zero.
The Company's ability to influence Homestore was predicated upon its ownership percentage of Homestore common stock, previous representation by Company management on the board of directors of Homestore and the existence of contractual agreements that were entered into as part of the sale of the Company's former Internet real estate portal, move.com. With respect to the Company's ability to influence Homestore due to the existence of the contractual agreements, the Company's initial relationship originated on June 30, 1998 when it and RealSelect, the predecessor to Homestore, entered into a four year listing license agreement, whereby the Company, among other things, licensed to RealSelect the exclusive rights to display the listings of the Century 21, ERA and Coldwell Banker brands on the realtor.com website. The exclusive listing license was extended an additional forty (40) years as part of the October 26, 2000 Master Operating Agreement entered into between the Company and Homestore. The Company has never had a direct or indirect controlling financial interest in Homestore.
The Company's representative on Homestore's board of directors resigned his seat and, in August 2003, the Company modified and/or terminated many of the contractual agreements it maintained with Homestore. Specifically, Homestore no longer has the exclusive rights to display the listings of the Company's Century 21, ERA and Coldwell Banker brands on its realtor.com website. The Company's ownership interest on the date that these contractual agreements were modified and/or terminated was approximately 15.2%. Due to the above-mentioned changes, the Company changed the method by which it accounts for this investment from the equity method to an available-for-sale marketable security since it no longer had the ability to influence Homestore. The carrying value of the investment on the date of this change was zero due to the impairment previously discussed. During 2003, the Company recorded unrealized gains of approximately $81 million in connection with appreciation in the stock price of Homestore, which is recorded within other comprehensive income on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2003. The Company sold one million shares of Homestore during 2003 and recognized a gain of approximately $4 million, which is recorded within net revenues on the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income.
On December 17, 2003, the Company entered into an equity range forward contract to sell 3.4 million shares of Homestore stock in January and February 2004. See Note 25Financial Instruments for more information regarding this derivative and Note 30Subsequent Events for details regarding the Company's sale of Homestore shares pursuant to this contract. As of December 31, 2003, the Company owned approximately 17 million shares of Homestore stock, which approximated a 14.2% ownership interest.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation, recorded as a component of non-program related depreciation and amortization on the Consolidated Statements of Income, is computed
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utilizing the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Amortization of leasehold improvements, also recorded as a component of non-program related depreciation and amortization, is computed utilizing the straight-line method over the estimated benefit period of the related assets or the lease term, if shorter. Useful lives generally range from 5 to 50 years for buildings and from 2 to 20 years for leasehold improvements, from 3 to 5 years for capitalized software and from 3 to 7 years for furniture, fixtures and equipment.
PROGRAM CASH
Program cash primarily relates to amounts specifically designated to purchase assets under management and mortgage programs and/or to repay the related debt. Program cash also includes amounts set aside for the collateralization requirements of outstanding debt for the Company's fleet management and timeshare businesses.
SELF-INSURANCE RESERVES
The Consolidated Balance Sheets include approximately $380 million and $318 million of liabilities with respect to self-insured public liability and property damage as of December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The current portion of such amounts is included within accounts payable and other current liabilities and the non-current portion is included in other non-current liabilities. The Company estimates the required liability of such claims on an undiscounted basis utilizing an actuarial method that is based upon various assumptions which include, but are not limited to, the Company's historical loss experience and projected loss development factors. The required liability is also subject to adjustment in the future based upon the changes in claims experience, including changes in the number of incidents (frequency) and change in the ultimate cost per incident (severity).
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Accounting for Interest Rate Lock Commitments on Mortgages Held for Sale. On December 11, 2003, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") provided interim guidance in a speech pertaining to the measurement of interest rate lock commitments related to loans that will be held for resale (commonly referred to as commitments to fund mortgages). This interim guidance was provided to address the diversity in practice that existed among issuers related to the recognition and valuation of such commitments. The SEC stated that commitments to fund mortgages represent written options, and should be valued as such. Accordingly, a liability should be recognized at inception for the fair value of the derivative and subsequently adjusted for changes in fair value. Furthermore, the SEC stated that the commitments should never be accounted for as assets. The changes in fair value would be recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The interim guidance will be effective for all commitments to fund mortgages entered into after March 31, 2004. The SEC intends to issue a Staff Accounting Bulletin to formalize this guidance, however, no formal release has yet been issued.
The Company plans to adopt this interim guidance on April 1, 2004. Currently, the Company recognizes the value of its commitments to fund mortgages at zero upon inception, and values them similar to a forward contract. Changes in fair value of the commitments to fund mortgages are currently recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income. The Company economically hedges such loan commitments with forward loan sale commitments, which are classified as freestanding derivatives under SFAS No. 133, with changes in fair value recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Upon adoption of this interim guidance, the gains and losses on the commitments to fund mortgages will no longer be consistently offset by gains and losses on the forward loan sale commitments due to the change in the valuation methodology. This may result in increased income statement volatility, by impacting the timing of income/loss recognition associated with these commitments. Management is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance.
3. Earnings Per Share
Earnings per share ("EPS") for periods after March 31, 2000 and through June 30, 2001 was calculated using the two-class method. The Company used the two-class method during these periods
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because in March 2000 it had issued a second class of common stock, Move.com common stock, and reclassified its existing common stock as CD common stock. Move.com common stock tracked the performance of the Move.com Group, while CD common stock reflected the performance of the Company's other businesses and also a retained interest in the Move.com Group (collectively referred to as the "Cendant Group"). The Company sold the underlying businesses of the Move.com Group in February 2001 (see Note 26Dispositions of Businesses) and subsequently retired all outstanding shares of Move.com common stock. The Company ceased using the two-class method on June 30, 2001 upon repurchase of all remaining outstanding shares of Move.com common stock. Accordingly, the calculations for 2003 and 2002 do not reflect the application of the two-class method.
The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines EPS for each class of common stock according to the related earnings participation rights. Under the two-class method, basic EPS for Move.com common stock was calculated by dividing earnings attributable to Move.com common stockholders by the weighted average number of Move.com shares outstanding during the period. Earnings attributable to Move.com common stockholders was calculated as the percentage of the number of shares of Move.com common stock outstanding compared to the number of shares that, if issued, would represent 100% of the equity (and would include the 22,500,000 notional shares of Move.com common stock representing Cendant Group's retained interest in Move.com Group) in the earnings or losses of Move.com Group. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for CD common stock:
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Year Ended December 31, |
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2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||
Income from continuing operations: | |||||||||||
Cendant Group | $ | 1,430 | $ | 1,009 | $ | 75 | |||||
Cendant Group's retained interest in Move.com Group | | | 238 | ||||||||
Income from continuing operations for basic EPS | 1,430 | 1,009 | 313 | ||||||||
Convertible debt interest, net of tax | | 1 | 11 | ||||||||
Adjustment to Cendant Group's retained interest in Move.com Group (*) | | | (3 | ) | |||||||
Income from continuing operations for diluted EPS | $ | 1,430 | $ | 1,010 | $ | 321 | |||||
Weighted average shares outstanding: |
|||||||||||
Basic | 1,017 | 1,019 | 869 | ||||||||
Stock options, warrants and non-vested shares | 23 | 22 | 30 | ||||||||
Convertible debt | | 2 | 18 | ||||||||
Diluted | 1,040 | 1,043 | 917 | ||||||||
Earnings per share: |
|||||||||||
Basic | |||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 1.41 | $ | 0.99 | $ | 0.36 | |||||
Income from discontinued operations | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.11 | ||||||||
Loss on disposal of discontinued operations | | (0.25 | ) | | |||||||
Cumulative effect of accounting changes | (0.29 | ) | | (0.05 | ) | ||||||
Net income | $ | 1.15 | $ | 0.83 | $ | 0.42 | |||||
Diluted |
|||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 1.38 | $ | 0.97 | $ | 0.35 | |||||
Income from discontinued operations | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.10 | ||||||||
Loss on disposal of discontinued operations | | (0.25 | ) | | |||||||
Cumulative effect of accounting changes | (0.28 | ) | | (0.04 | ) | ||||||
Net income | $ | 1.13 | $ | 0.81 | $ | 0.41 | |||||
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The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for Move.com common stock:
|
Year Ended December 31, 2001 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Income from continuing operations: | |||||
Move.com Group | $ | 255 | |||
Less: Cendant Group's retained interest in Move.com Group | 238 | ||||
Income from continuing operations for basic EPS | 17 | ||||
Adjustment to Cendant Group's retained interest in Move.com Group (*) | 3 | ||||
Income from continuing operations for diluted EPS | $ | 20 | |||
Weighted average shares outstanding: | |||||
Basic and Diluted | 2 | ||||
Earnings per share: | |||||
Basic | |||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 9.94 | |||
Cumulative effect of accounting changes | (0.07) | ||||
Net income | $ | 9.87 | |||
Diluted | |||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 9.81 | |||
Cumulative effect of accounting changes | (0.07) | ||||
Net income | $ | 9.74 | |||
The following table summarizes the Company's outstanding common stock equivalents that were antidilutive and therefore excluded from the computation of diluted EPS:
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Year Ended December 31, |
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|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||
CD Common Stock | |||||||
Options (a) | 113 | 128 | 98 | ||||
Warrants (b) | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||
Upper DECS (c) | 40 | 40 | 40 | ||||
The Company's contingently convertible debt securities, which provided for the potential issuance of approximately 56 million, 105 million and 138 million shares of CD common stock as of December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted EPS for such periods as the related contingency provisions were not satisfied (see Note 15Long-term Debt and Borrowing Arrangements for a detailed discussion of such contingency provisions).
4. Acquisitions
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations were recorded on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the respective acquisition dates based upon their estimated fair values at such dates. The results of operations of businesses acquired by the Company have been included in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income since their respective dates of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the underlying assets
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acquired and liabilities assumed was allocated to goodwill. In certain circumstances, the allocations of the excess purchase price are based upon preliminary estimates and assumptions. Accordingly, the allocations are subject to revision when the Company receives final information, including appraisals and other analyses. Revisions to the fair values, which may be significant, will be recorded by the Company as further adjustments to the purchase price allocations. The Company is also in the process of integrating the operations of all its acquired businesses and expects to incur costs relating to such integrations. These costs may result from integrating operating systems, relocating employees, closing facilities, reducing duplicative efforts and exiting and consolidating other activities. These costs will be recorded on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as adjustments to the purchase price or on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income as expenses, as appropriate.
2003 ACQUISITIONS
FFD Development Company, LLC. On February 3, 2003, the Company acquired all of the common interests of FFD Development Company, LLC ("FFD") from an independent business trust for approximately $27 million in cash. As part of this acquisition, the Company also assumed approximately $58 million of debt, which was subsequently repaid. The allocation of the purchase price resulted in goodwill of approximately $16 million, none of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Such goodwill was allocated to the Company's Hospitality Services segment. FFD was formed prior to the Company's April 2001 acquisition of Fairfield Resorts, Inc. ("Fairfield") and is the primary developer of timeshare inventory for Fairfield. See Note 28Related Party Transactions for more information regarding the Company's relationship with FFD prior to the acquisition.
Trip Network, Inc. On March 31, 2003, the Company acquired a majority interest in Trip Network, Inc. ("Trip Network") through the conversion of its preferred stock investment and, on April 1, 2003, the Company acquired all of the remaining common stock for $4 million in cash. To determine the goodwill to be recorded in connection with this acquisition, the Company's basis in Trip Network was adjusted for $2 million of transaction-related expenses, its $17 million preferred stock investment and its $33 million deferred tax asset related to the initial funding of Trip Network. Accordingly, the Company's total basis in Trip Network was $56 million. Together with $21 million of historical value of liabilities assumed in excess of assets acquired and insignificant fair value adjustments, the Company recorded $73 million of goodwill, none of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Such goodwill was allocated to the Travel Distribution Services segment. Trip Network is an online travel agent. See Note 28Related Party Transactions for more information regarding the Company's relationship with Trip Network prior to the acquisition.
Other. During 2003, the Company also acquired 19 real estate brokerage operations through its wholly-owned subsidiary, NRT Incorporated, for approximately $109 million. The acquisition of real estate brokerages by NRT is a core part of its growth strategy. The Company also acquired 10 other non-significant businesses during 2003 for aggregate consideration of approximately $33 million in cash. The goodwill resulting from the preliminary allocations of the purchase prices of these acquisitions aggregated $124 million and was allocated as follows:
|
Amount |
||
---|---|---|---|
Real Estate Franchise and Operations | $ | 96 | |
Mortgage Services | 2 | ||
Travel Distribution Services | 16 | ||
Vehicle Services | 8 | ||
Marketing Services | 2 | ||
$ | 124 | ||
F-27
These acquisitions were not significant to the Company's results of operations, financial position or cash flows on a pro forma basis individually or in the aggregate.
2002 ACQUISITIONS
NRT Incorporated. On April 17, 2002, the Company acquired all of the outstanding common stock of NRT Incorporated ("NRT"), the largest residential real estate brokerage firm in the United States, for $230 million. The acquisition consideration was funded through an exchange of 11.5 million shares of CD common stock then-valued at $216 million, which included approximately 1.5 million shares of CD common stock then-valued at $30 million in exchange for existing NRT options. As part of the acquisition, the Company also assumed approximately $320 million of NRT debt, which was subsequently repaid. Prior to the acquisition, NRT operated as a joint venture between the Company and Apollo Management, L.P. that acquired independent real estate brokerages, converted them to one of the Company's real estate brands and operated them under the brand pursuant to two 50-year franchise agreements with the Company. Management believes that NRT as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company will be a more efficient acquisition vehicle and achieve greater financial and operational synergies. The acquisition of NRT resulted in goodwill of $1.6 billion, of which $160 million is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Such goodwill was assigned to the Company's Real Estate Franchise and Operations segment.
Trendwest Resorts, Inc. On April 30, 2002, the Company acquired approximately 90% of the outstanding common stock of Trendwest Resorts, Inc. ("Trendwest") for $849 million, approximately $804 million of which was in CD common stock (approximately 42.6 million shares). As part of the acquisition, the Company assumed $89 million of Trendwest debt, of which $78 million was subsequently repaid. The Company purchased the remaining 10% of the outstanding Trendwest shares in a merger on June 3, 2002 for approximately 4.8 million shares of CD common stock aggregating $87 million. The minority interest recorded in connection with Trendwest's results of operations between April 30, 2002 and June 3, 2002 was not material. Trendwest markets, sells and finances vacation ownership interests. Management believes that this acquisition will provide the Company with significant geographic diversification and global presence in the timeshare industry. The acquisition of Trendwest resulted in goodwill of $687 million, none of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Such goodwill was assigned to the Company's Hospitality Services segment.
Budget Group, Inc. On November 22, 2002, the Company acquired substantially all of the domestic assets of the vehicle rental business of Budget Group, Inc. ("Budget"), as well as selected international operations, for approximately $109 million in cash plus $44 million of transaction costs and expenses. As part of the acquisition, the Company also assumed approximately $2.4 billion of Budget's asset-backed vehicle related debt, which the Company subsequently repaid. Management believes that Budget is a complementary fit with its other leisure services through its hotel, timeshare and travel distribution companies. The acquisition of Budget resulted in goodwill of $439 million, of which approximately $355 million is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Such goodwill was assigned to the Company's Vehicle Services segment.
Other. Subsequent to the Company's acquisition of NRT on April 17, 2002, NRT acquired 20 other residential real estate brokerage operations for approximately $399 million, including Arvida Realty Services for approximately $160 million and The DeWolfe Companies for approximately $146 million. The acquisition of real estate brokerages by NRT is a core part of its growth strategy. The Company also acquired 16 other non-significant businesses during 2002 for aggregate consideration of approximately $573 million in cash, including (i) Equivest Finance, Inc., a timeshare developer, for approximately $98 million; (ii) three European distribution partners of our Galileo subsidiary for approximately $125 million; (iii) Novasol AS, a marketer of privately owned vacation properties in Europe, for approximately $66 million and (iv) 11 other businesses for approximately $247 million primarily within the Hospitality and Travel Distribution segments. None of these acquisitions were significant to
F-28
the Company's results of operations or financial position individually or in the aggregate. The goodwill resulting from the preliminary allocations of the purchase prices of these acquisitions aggregated $668 million and was allocated as follows:
|
Amount |
||
---|---|---|---|
Real Estate Franchise and Operations | $ | 204 | |
Mortgage Services | 37 | ||
Hospitality Services | 257 | ||
Travel Distribution Services | 157 | ||
Vehicle Services | 13 | ||
$ | 668 | ||
2001 ACQUISITIONS
Avis Group Holdings, Inc. On March 1, 2001, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Avis Group Holdings, Inc. ("Avis"), one of the world's leading service and information providers for comprehensive automotive transportation and vehicle management solutions, for approximately $994 million in cash (including transaction costs and expenses of $40 million and approximately $17 million related to the conversion of Avis employee stock options into CD common stock options). The Company recorded goodwill of approximately $1.9 billion on its Consolidated Balance Sheets (within the Vehicle Services segment) resulting from this acquisition.
Galileo International, Inc. On October 1, 2001, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Galileo International, Inc. ("Galileo"), a leading provider of electronic global distribution services for the travel industry, for approximately $1.9 billion (including approximately $36 million of transaction costs and expenses and approximately $32 million related to the conversion of Galileo employee stock options into CD common stock options). Approximately $1.5 billion of the merger consideration was funded through the issuance of approximately 117 million shares of CD common stock, with the remainder being financed from available cash. As part of the acquisition, the Company also assumed approximately $586 million of Galileo debt, substantially all of which has been repaid. The Company recorded goodwill of approximately $2.0 billion on its Consolidated Balance Sheets (within the Travel Distribution Services segment) resulting from this acquisition.
Other. During 2001, the Company also completed 16 other acquisitions for aggregate consideration of approximately $1.3 billion in cash, including (i) Fairfield Resorts, Inc. (formerly Fairfield Communities, Inc.), one of the largest vacation ownership companies in the United States, for approximately $760 million; (ii) Cheap Tickets, Inc., a leading provider of discount leisure travel products, for approximately $313 million (net of cash acquired of approximately $286 million) and (iii) 14 other businesses primarily within the Company's Hospitality Services and Mortgage Services segments. These acquisitions were not significant to the Company's results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
The goodwill resulting from these acquisitions aggregated $1.1 billion and was allocated as follows:
|
Amount |
||
---|---|---|---|
Mortgage Services | $ | 15 | |
Hospitality Services | 670 | ||
Travel Distribution Services | 411 | ||
Vehicle Services | 13 | ||
$ | 1,109 | ||
F-29
UTILIZATION OF PURCHASE ACCOUNTING LIABILITIES FOR EXITING ACTIVITIES
In connection with the acquisitions of the following businesses, the Company established purchase accounting liabilities in prior periods for costs associated with exiting activities that are currently in progress. The recognition of such costs and the corresponding utilization are summarized by category as follows:
Budget Group, Inc.
|
Personnel Related |
Contract Termination |
Facility Related |
Total |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Costs and balance at December 31, 2002 | $ | 35 | $ | 6 | $ | 7 | $ | 48 | |||||
Cash payments | (28 | ) | | (4 | ) | (32 | ) | ||||||
Additions | 6 | | 14 | 20 | |||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2003 | $ | 13 | $ | 6 | $ | 17 | $ | 36 | |||||
The principal cost reduction opportunity expected to result from these exit activities is the relocation of the corporate headquarters of Budget. In connection with this initiative, the Company is relocating selected Budget employees, involuntarily terminating other Budget employees and abandoning certain facilities primarily related to reservation processing and administrative functions. As a result, the Company incurred severance and other personnel costs related to the involuntary termination or relocation of employees, as well as facility related costs primarily representing future lease payments for abandoned facilities. The adjustments recorded during 2003 represent the finalization of estimates made at the time of acquisition. The Company formally communicated the termination of employment to approximately 1,800 employees, representing a wide range of employee groups and as of December 31, 2003, the Company had terminated approximately 1,000 of these employees. The Company anticipates that the majority of the remaining personnel related costs will be paid during 2004 and that the majority of the remaining facility related costs will be paid through 2007. The Company expects to terminate a contractual service agreement upon the integration of one of Budget's systems and pay the termination fee in April 2004. The Company expects to complete the execution of this plan in the second quarter of 2004.
Galileo International, Inc. |
Personnel Related |
Asset Fair Value Adjustments & Contract Terminations |
Facility Related |
Total |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Costs | $ | 44 | $ | 93 | $ | 16 | $ | 153 | |||||
Cash payments | (26 | ) | (10 | ) | | (36 | ) | ||||||
Reductions/utilization | | (46 | ) | | (46 | ) | |||||||
Balance at December 31, 2001 | 18 | 37 | 16 | 71 | |||||||||
Cash payments | (36 | ) | (15 | ) | (2 | ) | (53 | ) | |||||
Additions/(reductions/utilization) | 33 | (10 | ) | 8 | 31 | ||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2002 | 15 | 12 | 22 | 49 | |||||||||
Cash payments | (9 | ) | (6 | ) | (7 | ) | (22 | ) | |||||
Additions/(reductions/utilization) | (5 | ) | (6 | ) | 1 | (10 | ) | ||||||
Balance at December 31, 2003 | $ | 1 | $ | | $ | 16 | $ | 17 | |||||
The above charges were incurred in connection with (i) rightsizing the core business functions of Galileo International, Inc. ("Galileo") and relocating the corporate and other offices (including support functions) and (ii) exiting certain activities and certain acquired businesses, including the sale of assets. To complete these initiatives, the Company (i) involuntarily terminated Galileo employees, (ii) relocated the Galileo corporate headquarters, various support functions and other offices, (iii) merged numerous offices in Europe to a single European headquarters and (iv) abandoned assets
F-30
in connection with such relocation, as well as terminated contractual service agreements associated with the activities to be exited. Consistent with the original integration plan to streamline Galileo's worldwide operations and due to the extent and breadth of these global efforts, the full evaluation of exiting activities was not complete until third quarter 2002. The Company formally communicated the termination of employment to approximately 880 employees, representing a wide range of employee groups, and as of December 31, 2002, the Company had terminated all such employees. The majority of the remaining personnel related costs were paid during 2003 and the majority of the remaining facility related costs will be paid through 2008.
Avis Group Holdings, Inc. |
Personnel Related |
Asset Fair Value Adjustments |
Facility Related |
Total |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Costs | $ | 39 | $ | 19 | $ | 7 | $ | 65 | |||||
Cash payments | (22 | ) | | | (22 | ) | |||||||
Reductions/utilization | | (19 | ) | | (19 | ) | |||||||
Balance at December 31, 2001 | 17 | | 7 | 24 | |||||||||
Cash payments | (20 | ) | | (2 | ) | (22 | ) | ||||||
Other additions | 8 | | | 8 | |||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2002 | 5 | | 5 | 10 | |||||||||
Cash payments | (3 | ) | | (3 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||||
Balance at December 31, 2003 | $ | 2 | $ | | $ | 2 | $ | 4 | |||||
These exiting activities were formally committed to by the Company's management in connection with strategic initiatives primarily aimed at creating synergies between the cost structures of the Company and Avis. The major area of anticipated cost reductions was the relocation of the Avis corporate headquarters. The Company closed the Avis Corporate headquarters, relocated Avis employees, abandoned assets and involuntarily terminated Avis employees in connection with such relocation. The Company formally communicated the termination of employment to approximately 550 employees, representing a wide range of employee groups, and as of December 31, 2002, the Company had terminated all such employees.
ACQUISITION AND INTEGRATION RELATED COSTS
Amortization of Pendings and Listings. During 2003 and 2002, the Company amortized $20 million and $256 million of its contractual pendings and listings intangible assets acquired in connection with the acquisitions of NRT, Trendwest and other real estate brokerages. Of these amounts, approximately $17 million and $235 million, respectively, related to the acquisitions of NRT and its subsequent acquisitions of real estate brokerage businesses, while $3 million and $21 million, respectively, related to the acquisition of Trendwest. The Company segregated the pendings and listings amortization to enhance the comparability of its results of operations since these intangible assets are amortized over such a short period of time (generally five months).
Other. During 2003, 2002 and 2001, the Company incurred other acquisition and integration related costs of $34 million, $29 million and $112 million, respectively. The 2003 amount primarily related to the integration of Budget's information technology systems into the Company's platform and revisions to the Company's original estimate of costs to exit a facility in connection with the outsourcing of its data operations. The 2002 amount primarily related to the acquisition and integration of NRT. The 2001 charges primarily represented (i) $78 million of costs incurred in connection with the outsourcing of the Company's data operations, including Galileo's global distribution system and desktop support and other related services, to a third party provider and (ii) $23 million of costs incurred in connection with the integration of the Company's existing travel agency businesses with Galileo's computerized reservations system.
F-31
PRO FORMA RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net revenues, income from continuing operations, net income and the related per share data would have been as follows had the acquisitions of NRT and Trendwest occurred on January 1st of each period presented and the acquisitions of Avis and Galileo occurred on January 1, 2001:
|
(Unaudited) Year Ended December 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 |
2001 |
|||||
Net revenues | $ | 14,976 | $ | 13,759 | |||
Income from continuing operations | 961 | 396 | |||||
Net income | 798 | 451 | |||||
CD common stock pro forma earnings per share: |
|||||||
Basic | |||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 0.93 | $ | 0.36 | |||
Net income | 0.77 | 0.42 | |||||
Diluted |
|||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 0.91 | $ | 0.35 | |||
Net income | 0.75 | 0.41 |
These pro forma results do not give effect to any synergies expected to result from the acquisitions of NRT, Trendwest, Avis and Galileo. Additionally, the amortization of the pendings and listings intangible asset is reflected in the above pro forma results for each period presented ($221 million in both 2002 and 2001) since the acquisitions of NRT and Trendwest were assumed to have occurred on January 1st of each period. In actuality, due to the short-term amortization period of the pendings and listings intangible asset, the amortization of this asset would only impact one of the periods presented. Accordingly, these pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of what actually would have occurred if the acquisitions had been consummated on January 1st of each period, nor are they necessarily indicative of future consolidated results.
5. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consisted of:
|
As of December 31, 2003 |
As of December 31, 2002 |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
Net Carrying Amount |
Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
Net Carrying Amount |
||||||||||||
Amortized Intangible Assets | ||||||||||||||||||
Franchise agreements (a) | $ | 1,141 | $ | 330 | $ | 811 | $ | 1,136 | $ | 294 | $ | 842 | ||||||
Customer lists (b) | 543 | 149 | 394 | 539 | 114 | 425 | ||||||||||||
Pendings and listings (c) | 22 | 17 | 5 | 267 | 256 | 11 | ||||||||||||
Other (d) | 105 | 41 | 64 | 99 | 34 | 65 | ||||||||||||
$ | 1,811 | $ | 537 | $ | 1,274 | $ | 2,041 | $ | 698 | $ | 1,343 | |||||||
Unamortized Intangible Assets |
||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill | $ | 10,716 | $ | 10,299 | ||||||||||||||
Trademarks (e) |
$ |
1,003 |
$ |
995 |
||||||||||||||
Other (f) | 34 | 34 | ||||||||||||||||
$ | 1,037 | $ | 1,029 | |||||||||||||||
F-32
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:
|
Balance at January 1, 2003 |
Goodwill Acquired during 2003 |
Adjustments to Goodwill Acquired during 2002 |
Foreign Exchange and Other |
Balance at December 31, 2003 |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Real Estate Franchise and Operations |
$ | 2,584 | $ | 96 | (a) | $ | 15 | (g) | $ | 1 | $ | 2,696 | |||
Mortgage Services | 74 | 2 | (b) | 4 | (g) | | 80 | ||||||||
Hospitality Services | 2,386 | 16 | (c) | 12 | (h) | 100 | (g) | 2,514 | |||||||
Travel Distribution Services | 2,463 | 89 | (d) | 10 | (i) | (7 | )(k) | 2,555 | |||||||
Vehicle Services | 2,576 | 8 | (e) | 6 | (j) | 63 | (g) | 2,653 | |||||||
Marketing Services | 216 | 2 | (f) | | | 218 | |||||||||
Total Company | $ | 10,299 | $ | 213 | $ | 47 | $ | 157 | $ | 10,716 | |||||
Amortization expense relating to all intangible assets, excluding mortgage servicing rights (see Note 6Mortgage Activities), was as follows:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||
Goodwill (a) | $ | | $ | | $ | 175 | |||
Trademarks (b) | | | 12 | ||||||
Franchise agreements (b) | 36 | 41 | 52 | ||||||
Customer lists (b) | 35 | 36 | 24 | ||||||
Pendings and listings (c) | 20 | 256 | | ||||||
Other (b) | 10 | 15 | 10 | ||||||
Total | $ | 101 | $ | 348 | $ | 273 | |||
F-33
Based on the Company's amortizable intangible assets (excluding mortgage servicing rights) as of December 31, 2003, the Company expects related amortization expense for the five succeeding fiscal years to approximate $80 million in each of 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 and $50 million in 2008.
Had the Company applied the non-amortization provisions of SFAS No. 142, net income and the related per share data for CD common stock would have been as follows:
|
Year Ended December 31, 2001 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Reported net income | $ | 385 | ||
Add back: Goodwill amortization, net of tax | 145 | |||
Add back: Trademark amortization, net of tax | 9 | |||
Pro forma net income | $ | 539 | ||
Net income per share: | ||||
Basic | ||||
Reported net income | $ | 0.42 | ||
Add back: Goodwill amortization, net of tax | 0.17 | |||
Add back: Trademark amortization, net of tax | 0.01 | |||
Pro forma net income | $ | 0.60 | ||
Diluted | ||||
Reported net income | $ | 0.41 | ||
Add back: Goodwill amortization, net of tax | 0.16 | |||
Add back: Trademark amortization, net of tax | 0.01 | |||
Pro forma net income | $ | 0.58 | ||
6. Mortgage Activities
The activity in the Company's residential mortgage loan servicing portfolio consisted of:
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Balance, January 1 | $ | 114,079 | $ | 97,205 | $ | 82,187 | ||||
Additions | 63,870 | 47,045 | 30,317 | |||||||
Payoffs/curtailments | (54,079 | ) | (35,514 | ) | (23,973 | ) | ||||
Purchases, net | 12,557 | 5,343 | 8,674 | |||||||
Balance, December 31,(*) | $ | 136,427 | $ | 114,079 | $ | 97,205 | ||||
F-34
Approximately $5.4 billion (approximately 4%) of loans within this servicing portfolio as of December 31, 2003 were sold with recourse. The majority of the loans sold with recourse (approximately $5.0 billion of the $5.4 billion) represent sales under a program where the Company retains the credit risk for a limited period of time and only for a specific default event. The retained credit risk represents the unpaid principal balance of the mortgage loans. For these loans, the Company accrues a provision (equal to the fair value of the recourse obligation) for estimated losses. As of December 31, 2003, the provision approximated $9 million. There was no significant activity during 2003 that caused the Company to utilize this provision.
The activity in the Company's capitalized MSR asset consisted of:
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Balance, January 1, | $ | 1,883 | $ | 2,081 | $ | 1,596 | ||||
Additions, net | 1,008 | 928 | 855 | |||||||
Changes in fair value | 168 | (540 | ) | (103 | ) | |||||
Amortization | (700 | ) | (468 | ) | (237 | ) | ||||
Sales/deletions | (29 | ) | (26 | ) | (30 | ) | ||||
Permanent impairment | (315 | ) | (92 | ) | | |||||
Balance, December 31, | 2,015 | 1,883 | 2,081 | |||||||
Valuation allowance | ||||||||||
Balance, January 1, | (503 | ) | (144 | ) | | |||||
Additions | (193 | )(a) | (454 | )(b) | (144 | )(c) | ||||
Reductions | 7 | 3 | | |||||||
Permanent impairment | 315 | 92 | | |||||||
Balance, December 31, | (374 | ) | (503 | ) | (144 | ) | ||||
Mortgage Servicing Rights, net | $ | 1,641 | $ | 1,380 | $ | 1,937 | ||||
The Company uses derivatives to mitigate the impact that accelerated prepayments would have on the fair value of its MSR asset. Such derivatives, which are primarily designated as fair value hedging instruments, tend to increase in value as interest rates decline and conversely decline in value as
F-35
interest rates increase. The net activity in the Company's derivatives related to mortgage servicing rights consisted of:
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Net balance, January 1,(a) | $ | 385 | $ | 100 | $ | 215 | ||||
Additions, net | 402 | 389 | 259 | |||||||
Changes in fair value | (5 | ) | 655 | 106 | ||||||
Sales/proceeds received | (697 | ) | (759 | ) | (480 | ) | ||||
Net balance, December 31,(b) | $ | 85 | $ | 385 | $ | 100 | ||||
The net impact to the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income resulting from changes in the fair value of the Company's MSR asset, after giving effect to hedging and other derivative activity, was as follows:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||
Adjustment of MSR asset under hedge accounting | $ | 168 | $ | (540 | ) | $ | (103 | ) | |||
Net gain (loss) on derivatives related to MSR asset | (5 | ) | 655 | 106 | |||||||
Net gain | 163 | 115 | 3 | ||||||||
Provision for impairment of MSR asset | (193 | ) | (454 | ) | (144 | ) | |||||
Net impact | $ | (30 | ) | $ | (339 | ) | $ | (141 | ) | ||
Based upon the composition of the portfolio as of December 31, 2003 (and other assumptions regarding interest rates and prepayment speeds), the Company expects MSR amortization expense for the five succeeding fiscal years to approximate $260 million, $230 million, $200 million, $180 million and $160 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2003, the MSR portfolio had a weighted average life of approximately 5.7 years.
7. Franchising and Marketing/Reservation Activities
Franchising revenues are comprised of the following:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||
Real estate brokerage offices (*) | $ | 394 | $ | 412 | $ | 523 | |||
Lodging properties | 198 | 204 | 200 | ||||||
Vehicle rental locations | 41 | 18 | 26 | ||||||
Total | $ | 633 | $ | 634 | $ | 749 | |||
F-36
Such franchising revenues included initial franchise fees as follows:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||
Real estate brokerage offices | $ | 9 | $ | 8 | $ | 11 | |||
Lodging properties | 7 | 5 | 12 | ||||||
Total | $ | 16 | $ | 13 | $ | 23 | |||
The number of Company-owned and franchised outlets in operation are as follows:
|
As of December 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||
Company-owned | |||||||
Real estate brokerage offices (a) | 956 | 950 | | ||||
Vehicle rental locations | |||||||
Avis brand | 982 | 964 | 867 | ||||
Budget brand (b) | 859 | 729 | | ||||
Franchised |
|||||||
Real estate brokerage offices | 11,784 | 11,716 | 12,361 | ||||
Lodging properties | 6,402 | 6,513 | 6,624 | ||||
Vehicle rental locations | |||||||
Avis brand | 820 | 814 | 847 | ||||
Budget brand | 1,496 | 1,417 | |
The Company also receives marketing and reservation fees primarily from its lodging franchisees and marketing fees from its real estate franchisees, which are calculated based on a specified percentage of gross room revenues or based on a specified percentage of gross closed commissions earned on the sale of real estate, subject to certain minimum and maximum payments. Such fees totaled $206 million, $202 million and $214 million during 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively, and were included within service fees and membership revenues on the Consolidated Statements of Income. As provided for in the franchise agreements and generally at the Company's discretion, all of these fees are to be expended for marketing purposes and, in the case of lodging and car rental franchisees, the operation of a centralized brand-specific reservation system for the respective franchisees. Such fees are controlled by the Company until disbursement.
In connection with ongoing fees the Company receives from its franchisees pursuant to the franchise agreements, the Company is required to provide certain services, such as training, marketing and the operation of reservation systems.
F-37
8. Vehicle Rental and Leasing Activities
The components of the Company's vehicle-related assets under management and mortgage programs are comprised of the following:
|
As of December 31, |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||||||
|
Rental |
Leasing |
Rental |
Leasing |
|||||||||
Rental vehicles | $ | 6,177 | $ | | $ | 6,216 | $ | | |||||
Vehicles under open-end operating leases | | 5,474 | | 4,991 | |||||||||
Vehicles under closed-end operating leases | | 158 | | 172 | |||||||||
Vehicles held for rental/leasing | 6,177 | 5,632 | 6,216 | 5,163 | |||||||||
Vehicles held for sale | 58 | 13 | 145 | 34 | |||||||||
6,235 | 5,645 | 6,361 | 5,197 | ||||||||||
Less: accumulated depreciation | (525 | ) | (2,323 | ) | (395 | ) | (1,736 | ) | |||||
Total investment in vehicles |
5,710 |
3,322 |
5,966 |
3,461 |
|||||||||
Plus: Investment in AESOP Funding II LLC (*) | 361 | | | | |||||||||
Plus: Receivables under direct financing leases | | 82 | | 82 | |||||||||
Plus: Fuel card related receivables | | 282 | | 230 | |||||||||
Plus: Receivables from manufacturers | 386 | | 313 | | |||||||||
Total vehicle-related, net | $ | 6,457 | $ | 3,686 | $ | 6,279 | $ | 3,773 | |||||
The components of vehicle depreciation, lease charges and interest, net are summarized below:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||||||||||
|
Rental |
Leasing |
Rental |
Leasing |
Rental |
Leasing |
||||||||||||
Depreciation expense | $ | 942 | $ | 1,089 | $ | 673 | $ | 1,069 | $ | 524 | $ | 879 | ||||||
Interest expense, net (*) | 265 | 87 | 211 | 106 | 187 | 145 | ||||||||||||
Lease charges | 54 | | 30 | | 27 | | ||||||||||||
Loss on sales of vehicles, net | 50 | | 5 | | 27 | | ||||||||||||
$ | 1,311 | $ | 1,176 | $ | 919 | $ | 1,175 | $ | 765 | $ | 1,024 | |||||||
F-38
At December 31, 2003, future minimum lease payments to be received on the Company's open-end and closed-end operating leases (which do not reflect interest to be received as such interest is based upon variable rates) are as follows:
Year |
|
Amount |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2004 | $ | 1,166 | |||
2005 | 975 | ||||
2006 | 651 | ||||
2007 | 315 | ||||
2008 | 107 | ||||
Thereafter | 108 | ||||
$ | 3,322 | ||||
The Company sells interests in operating leases and the underlying vehicles to two independent Canadian third parties. The Company repurchases the leased vehicles and then leases such vehicles under direct financing leases to the Canadian third parties. The Canadian third parties retain the lease rights and prepay all the lease payments except for an agreed upon amount, which is typically 7.5% of the total lease payments. The total subordinated interest under these leasing arrangements, as recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2003 and 2002, were $27 million and $22 million, respectively. The Company recognized $6 million, $6 million and $7 million of net revenues related to these securitizations during 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
During 2003, 2002 and 2001, the Company recorded charges of $28 million, $145 million and $100 million, respectively, for litigation and related costs incurred in connection with settlements or investigations relating to the 1998 discovery of accounting irregularities in the former business units of CUC International, Inc. ("CUC"). The 2003 charges were partially offset by a credit of $17 million primarily related to proceeds received from insurance recoveries. The 2002 charges were partially offset by a credit of $42 million related to a recovery under the Company's directors' and officers' liability insurance policy in connection with derivative actions arising from former CUC related litigation. The 2001 charges were partially offset by a non-cash credit of $14 million to reflect an adjustment to the PRIDES class action litigation settlement charge recorded by the Company in 1998. Such adjustment represented a reduction in the number of Rights to be issued in connection with the settlement where the Company agreed to sell 15 million special PRIDES at a price in cash equal to 105% of their theoretical value, or $20.56 per special PRIDES. Pursuant to such offer, the Company issued 104,890 special PRIDES for proceeds of approximately $2 million, which were immediately converted into 241,624 shares of CD common stock. Subsequently, the Company settled the purchase contracts underlying all PRIDES. Accordingly, during 2001, the Company issued approximately 61 million shares of its CD common stock in satisfaction of its obligation to deliver common stock to beneficial owners of all PRIDES and received, in exchange, the trust preferred securities forming a part of the PRIDES.
2001 Restructuring Charge. As a result of changes in business and consumer behavior following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, the Company's management formally committed to various strategic initiatives during fourth quarter 2001, which were generally aimed at aligning cost structures in the Company's underlying businesses in response to anticipated levels of volume. The major areas of cost reductions included call center operations, field locations for car rental operations and back
F-39
office support functions. To achieve these reductions, the Company redirected call traffic, consolidated processes, reduced staffing levels and closed offices. Accordingly, during 2001, the Company incurred restructuring charges of $110 million, of which $21 million were non-cash.
The initial recognition of the charge and the corresponding utilization from inception are summarized by category as follows:
|
|
Personnel Related |
Asset Impairments & Contract Terminations |
Facility Related |
Total |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Costs | $ | 68 | $ | 17 | $ | 25 | $ | 110 | |||||||
Cash payments | (11 | ) | (3 | ) | (1 | ) | (15 | ) | |||||||
Reductions/utilization | (5 | ) | (10 | ) | | (15 | ) | ||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2001 | 52 | 4 | 24 | 80 | |||||||||||
Cash payments | (33 | ) | | (9 | ) | (42 | ) | ||||||||
Reductions/utilization | (11 | ) | (3 | ) | (6 | ) | (20 | ) | |||||||
Balance at December 31, 2002 | 8 | 1 | 9 | 18 | |||||||||||
Cash payments | (3 | ) | (1 | ) | (5 | ) | (9 | ) | |||||||
Reductions/utilization | (4 | ) | | (2 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2003 | $ | 1 | $ | | $ | 2 | $ | 3 | |||||||
The personnel related costs primarily included severance resulting from the rightsizing of certain businesses and corporate functions. The Company formally communicated the termination of employment to approximately 3,000 employees, representing a wide range of employee groups, and as of December 31, 2002, the Company had terminated all of these employees. All other costs were incurred primarily in connection with facility closures and lease obligations resulting from the consolidation of business operations. The majority of these costs were recorded within the Company's Hospitality Services ($40 million), Real Estate Franchise and Operations ($27 million), Mortgage Services ($3 million) and Corporate and Other ($22 million) segments. During 2002, such liability was reduced by $14 million as a result of changes in the original estimate of costs to be incurred ($5 million, $1 million, $1 million and $7 million of credits were recorded within Real Estate Franchise and Operations, Mortgage Services, Vehicle Services and Corporate and Other, respectively). During 2003, such liability was further reduced by $6 million as a result of changes in the original estimate of costs to be incurred ($4 million and $2 million of credits were recorded within Corporate and Other and Real Estate Services, respectively). All of these initiatives were completed as of December 31, 2002.
2001 Unusual Charges. During 2001, the Company also incurred unusual charges totaling $272 million, of which $76 million were non-cash. Such charges primarily consisted of (i) $95 million related to the funding of an irrevocable contribution to the Real Estate Technology Trust, an independent technology trust responsible for providing technology initiatives for the benefit of the Company's current and future real estate franchisees, (ii) $85 million related to the funding of Trip Network (see Note 28Related Party Transactions for a detailed description of this charge), (iii) $41 million related to the rationalization of the Avis fleet (reflecting charges related to the reduction in the fleet, representing the difference between the carrying amount of the vehicles and the fair value of the vehicles less costs to sell, as well as corresponding personnel reductions) in response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks as a result of anticipated reductions in the volume of business, (iv) $8 million related to the abandonment of financial software projects due to the Company's decision to forego their implementation as a result of anticipated reductions in the volume of business in its rental car, travel distribution and timeshare businesses resulting from the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and (v) $7 million related to the contribution of $1.5 million in cash and stock in a
F-40
publicly traded company valued at $5.5 million (based upon its then-current fair value) to the Cendant Charitable Foundation, which the Company established in September 2000 to serve as a vehicle for making charitable contributions to worthy charitable causes that are of particular interest to the Company's employees, customers and franchisees. The foundation is controlled by its Board of Directors, which as of December 31, 2003, was comprised of seven persons, all of whom are employees of the Company. Although the Company may make contributions to the foundation from time to time, the Company is under no obligation or otherwise committed to do so. The Real Estate Technology Trust noted above was governed by trustees, none of whom were employees or affiliates of the Company. After giving effect to the $95 million contribution discussed above, the Company had made cumulative contributions totaling $120 million to the Real Estate Technology Trust as of December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, but had no on-going requirement to fund this independent trust. As of December 31, 2003, the Real Estate Technology Trust was dissolved pursuant to the original trust agreement.
The income tax provision consists of the following:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||
Current | |||||||||||
Federal | $ | 186 | $ | (59 | ) | $ | 35 | ||||
State | 31 | 14 | 19 | ||||||||
Foreign | 59 | 53 | 43 | ||||||||
276 | 8 | 97 | |||||||||
Deferred | |||||||||||
Federal | 393 | 472 | 115 | ||||||||
State | 44 | 36 | (5 | ) | |||||||
Foreign | 9 | | | ||||||||
446 | 508 | 110 | |||||||||
Provision for income taxes | $ | 722 | $ | 516 | $ | 207 | |||||
Pre-tax income for domestic and foreign operations consists of the following:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||
Domestic | $ | 1,752 | $ | 1,164 | $ | 504 | |||
Foreign | 421 | 383 | 134 | ||||||
Pre-tax income | $ | 2,173 | $ | 1,547 | $ | 638 | |||
F-41
Current and non-current deferred income tax assets and liabilities are comprised of the following:
|
As of December 31, |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
||||||
Current deferred income tax assets: | ||||||||
Litigation settlement and related liabilities | $ | 42 | $ | 18 | ||||
Accrued liabilities and deferred income | 415 | 279 | ||||||
Provision for doubtful accounts | 85 | 71 | ||||||
Acquisition and integration-related liabilities | 17 | 44 | ||||||
Other | | 20 | ||||||
Current deferred income tax assets | 559 | 432 | ||||||
Current deferred income tax liabilities: | ||||||||
Insurance retention refund | 20 | 20 | ||||||
Franchise acquisition costs | 14 | 21 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses | 66 | 60 | ||||||
Other | 5 | | ||||||
Current deferred income tax liabilities | 105 | 101 | ||||||
Current net deferred income tax asset | $ | 454 | $ | 331 | ||||
Non-current deferred income tax assets: | ||||||||
Net operating loss carryforwards | $ | 808 | $ | 1,043 | ||||
State net operating loss carryforwards | 287 | 360 | ||||||
Capital loss carryforward | 33 | 103 | ||||||
Acquisition and integration-related liabilities | 195 | 258 | ||||||
Accrued liabilities and deferred income | | 64 | ||||||
Other | 78 | | ||||||
Valuation allowance (*) | (369 | ) | (389 | ) | ||||
Non-current deferred income tax assets | 1,032 | 1,439 | ||||||
Non-current deferred income tax liabilities: | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 191 | 275 | ||||||
Accrued liabilities and deferred income | 138 | | ||||||
Other | | 17 | ||||||
Non-current deferred income tax liabilities | 329 | 292 | ||||||
Non-current net deferred income tax asset | $ | 703 | $ | 1,147 | ||||
Deferred income tax liabilities related to management and mortgage programs are comprised of the following:
|
|
As of December 31, |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
2003 |
2002 |
||||
Unamortized mortgage servicing rights | $ | 426 | $ | 392 | |||
Depreciation and amortization | 625 | 575 | |||||
Other | 41 | 50 | |||||
Deferred income tax liability under management and mortgage programs | $ | 1,092 | $ | 1,017 | |||
F-42
As of December 31, 2003, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $2.3 billion, which primarily expire in 2020 and 2022. Additionally, the Company has alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards of $128 million.
No provision has been made for U.S. federal deferred income taxes on approximately $811 million of accumulated and undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries at December 31, 2003 since it is the present intention of management to reinvest the undistributed earnings indefinitely in those foreign operations. The determination of the amount of unrecognized U.S. federal deferred income tax liability for unremitted earnings is not practicable.
The Company's effective income tax rate for continuing operations differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate as follows:
|
|
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||
Federal statutory rate | 35.0 | % | 35.0 | % | 35.0 | % | ||
State and local income taxes, net of federal tax benefits | 2.3 | 2.1 | 1.2 | |||||
Amortization of non-deductible goodwill | | | 4.1 | |||||
Taxes on foreign operations at rates different than U.S. federal statutory rates | (3.5 | ) | (2.9 | ) | (0.4 | ) | ||
Taxes on repatriated foreign income, net of tax credits | 0.6 | 0.4 | (3.4 | ) | ||||
Changes in valuation allowance | (4.4 | ) | (0.3 | ) | (2.4 | ) | ||
Redemption of preferred interest | 2.9 | | | |||||
Other | 0.3 | (0.9 | ) | (1.7 | ) | |||
33.2 | % | 33.4 | % | 32.4 | % | |||
Other current assets consisted of:
|
|
As of December 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
2003 |
2002 |
|||||
Prepaid expenses | $ | 470 | $ | 443 | ||||
Timeshare inventory | 150 | 355 | ||||||
Other | 440 | 307 | ||||||
$ | 1,060 | $ | 1,105 | |||||
Property and equipment, net consisted of:
|
|
As of December 31, |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
2003 |
2002 |
||||||
Land | $ | 85 | $ | 97 | |||||
Building and leasehold improvements | 640 | 596 | |||||||
Capitalized software | 662 | 444 | |||||||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment | 1,749 | 1,592 | |||||||
3,136 | 2,729 | ||||||||
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization | (1,373 | ) | (993 | ) | |||||
$ | 1,763 | $ | 1,736 | ||||||
F-43
14. Accounts Payable and Other Current Liabilities
Accounts payable and other current liabilities consisted of:
|
As of December 31, |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
||||
Accounts payable | $ | 1,162 | $ | 1,136 | ||
Accrued payroll and related | 672 | 614 | ||||
Acquisition and integration-related | 332 | 470 | ||||
Income taxes payable | 588 | 195 | ||||
Other | 1,914 | 1,859 | ||||
$ | 4,668 | $ | 4,274 | |||
15. Long-term Debt and Borrowing Arrangements
Long-term debt consisted of:
|
|
As of December 31, |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Maturity Date |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||
Term notes: | |||||||||
73/4% notes | December 2003 | $ | | $ | 966 | ||||
67/8% notes | August 2006 | 849 | 849 | ||||||
61/4% notes | January 2008 | 797 | | ||||||
11% senior subordinated notes | May 2009 | 333 | 530 | ||||||
61/4% notes | March 2010 | 348 | | ||||||
73/8% notes | January 2013 | 1,190 | | ||||||
71/8% notes | March 2015 | 250 | | ||||||
Contingently convertible debt securities: |
|||||||||
Zero coupon senior convertible contingent notes | February 2004 (*) | 430 | 420 | ||||||
Zero coupon convertible debentures | May 2004 (*) | 7 | 857 | ||||||
37/8% convertible senior debentures | November 2004 (*) | 804 | 1,200 | ||||||
Other: |
|||||||||
Revolver borrowings | December 2005 | | 600 | ||||||
Net hedging gains (a) | 31 | 89 | |||||||
Other | 100 | 90 | |||||||
Total long-term debt, excluding Upper DECS | 5,139 | 5,601 | |||||||
Less: current portion (b) | 1,629 | 30 | |||||||
Long-term debt, excluding Upper DECS | 3,510 | 5,571 | |||||||
Upper DECS | 863 | 863 | |||||||
Long-term debt, including Upper DECS | $ | 4,373 | $ | 6,434 | |||||
F-44
TERM NOTES
73/4% Notes
The Company's 73/4% notes matured in December 2003. Prior to maturity, the Company redeemed $737 million of these notes for $771 million in cash, which resulted in
a pre-tax charge of $22 million recorded during 2003. The Company paid the remaining $229 million at maturity in December 2003.
67/8% Notes
The Company's 67/8% notes, with a face value of $850 million, were issued in August 2001 for net proceeds of $843 million. The interest rate on these notes is
subject to an upward adjustment of 150 basis points in the event that the credit ratings assigned to the Company by nationally recognized credit rating agencies are downgraded below investment grade.
The Company does not have the right to redeem these notes prior to maturity. These notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all the Company's existing and
future unsecured senior indebtedness.
61/4% Notes
The Company's 61/4% notes (with face values of $800 million and $350 million) were issued in January and March 2003 for aggregate net proceeds of
$1,137 million. The notes are redeemable at the Company's option at any time, in whole or in part, at the appropriate redemption prices plus accrued interest
through the redemption date. These notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all the Company's existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness.
11% Senior Subordinated Notes
The Company's 11% senior subordinated notes, which were assumed in connection with its 2001 acquisition of Avis and recorded at fair value, are due in May 2009. The notes are redeemable at the
Company's option at the appropriate redemption prices plus accrued interest through the redemption date at any time, in whole or in part, after May 1, 2004. During 2003, the Company made open
market repurchases of $163 million in face value of these notes, with a carrying value of $180 million, for $182 million in cash and recorded $17 million related to the
amortization of a premium. In connection with such redemption, the Company recorded a pre-tax charge of approximately $2 million. The Company intends to redeem the remaining notes
in May 2004; accordingly, the entire balance is included in the current portion of long-term debt on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2003. These
notes are subordinated in the right of payment to all existing and future senior indebtedness of Avis and are unconditionally guaranteed on a senior subordinated basis by certain of Avis' domestic
subsidiaries.
73/8% Notes
The Company's 73/8% notes, with a face value of $1.2 billion, were issued in January 2003 for net proceeds of $1,181 million. The notes are redeemable at the
Company's option at any time, in whole or in part, at the appropriate redemption prices plus accrued interest through the redemption date. These notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally
in right of payment with all the Company's existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness.
71/8% Notes
The Company's 71/8% notes, with a face value of $250 million, were issued in March 2003 for net proceeds of $248 million. The notes are redeemable at the Company's
option at any time, in whole or in part, at the appropriate redemption prices plus accrued interest through the redemption date. These notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right
of payment with all the Company's existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness.
F-45
CONTINGENTLY CONVERTIBLE DEBT SECURITIES
The Company's contingently convertible debt securities, which were all issued during 2001, comprised the following:
|
Issuance Date |
Earliest Redemption Date |
Maturity Date |
Principal Amount at Issuance |
Gross Proceeds Received at Issuance |
CD Common Stock Conversion Rate Per $1,000 Face |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zero coupon senior convertible contingent notes |
Feb. 2001 | Feb. 2004 | Feb. 2021 | $ | 1.5 billion | $ | 0.9 billion | 33.40 | ||||||
Zero coupon convertible debentures | May 2001 | May 2004 | May 2021 | $ | 1.0 billion | $ | 1.0 billion | 39.08 | ||||||
37/8% convertible senior debentures | Nov. 2001 | Nov. 2004 | Nov. 2011 | $ | 1.2 billion | $ | 1.2 billion | 41.58 |
The above debt securities may be converted into shares of the Company's CD common stock upon the satisfaction of certain contingencies, as described below. If these securities become convertible, it could have a material impact to the Company's total number of shares outstanding and to the number of shares utilized in performing its earnings per share calculations.
The number of shares of common stock potentially issuable for each of the Company's contingently convertible debt securities is detailed below (in millions):
|
As of December 31, |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
||
Zero coupon senior convertible contingent notes | 22.0 | 22.0 | ||
Zero coupon convertible debentures | 0.3 | 33.5 | ||
37/8% convertible senior debentures | 33.4 | 49.9 | ||
55.7 | 105.4 | |||
Zero Coupon Senior Convertible Contingent Notes
These notes may be converted prior to maturity (i) during each three-month period if the closing sale price of CD common stock exceeds the contingent-conversion threshold, which is 110% of the
accreted conversion price per share ($21.45 as of December 31, 2003) for at least 20 trading days in the period of 30 trading days ending on the first day of such three-month period;
(ii) if the notes have been called for redemption; (iii) if Moody's Investors Service and Standard & Poor's Corporation no longer have investment-grade ratings assigned to the
notes; or (iv) in the event of certain material distributions to holders of CD common stock, excluding payments of dividends in the normal course. At December 31, 2003, the accreted
conversion price was $19.50, which is calculated as the issue price of $608.41 and accrued original discount divided by the number of shares of CD common stock issued for each note, or 33.4. The
Company concluded that it was not required to separately account for the conversion feature as an embedded derivative. These notes were issued at a discount representing a
yield-to-maturity of 2.5%. During 2003, 2002 and 2001, the Company amortized $10 million, $17 million and $20 million, respectively, of this discount,
which is included as a component of non-program interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
During 2002, the Company redeemed $821 million (par value) of these notes, with a carrying value of $517 million, for $548 million in cash. In connection with such redemptions, the Company recorded a pre-tax charge of approximately $41 million, which included a write-off of $10 million related to deferred financing costs. In 2004, the Company called these notes for redemption. As a result, virtually all holders elected to convert their notes into shares of CD common stock. See Note 30Subsequent Events for more information regarding this conversion.
F-46
Zero Coupon Convertible Debentures
These debentures may be converted prior to maturity (i) during each three-month period if the closing sale price of CD common stock exceeds the contingent-conversion threshold, which is 110% of
the accreted conversion price per share for at least 20 trading days in the period of 30 trading days ending on the first day of such three-month period ($28.15 as of December 31, 2003);
(ii) if the debentures trade at less than 95% of the value of the shares into which the debentures are convertible; (iii) if the debentures have been called for redemption;
(iv) if Moody's Investors Service and Standard & Poor's Corporation no longer have investment-grade ratings assigned to the debentures; or (v) in the event of certain material
distributions to holders of CD common stock, excluding payments of dividends in the normal course. The Company concluded that it was not required to separately account for the conversion feature as an
embedded derivative.
The debentures will not be redeemable by the Company prior to May 4, 2004, but will be redeemable thereafter at the issue price plus accrued interest, if any. During 2003, the Company redeemed $850 million of these debentures for approximately $851 million in cash. In connection with such redemption, the Company recorded a pre-tax charge of approximately $12 million. During 2002, the Company redeemed $143 million of these notes for $141 million in cash. In connection with such redemption, the Company recorded a nominal pre-tax charge, which included a write-off of $2 million related to deferred financing costs. The Company intends to redeem the remaining debentures in May 2004. These debentures are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all the Company's existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness.
37/8% Convertible Senior Debentures
These debentures may be converted prior to maturity (i) during each three-month period if the closing sale price of CD common stock exceeds the contingent-conversion threshold, which is 117.76%
through November 2004 and declines ratably to 110% in November 2011, of the accreted conversion price per share ($24.05) for at least 20 trading days in the period of 30 trading days
ending on the first day of such three-month period ($28.32 as of December 31, 2003); (ii) if the debentures have been called for redemption; or (iii) in the event of certain
material distributions to holders of CD common stock, excluding payments of dividends in the normal course. The Company concluded that it was not required to separately account for the conversion
feature as an embedded derivative.
The debentures are not redeemable by the Company prior to November 27, 2004, but will be redeemable thereafter at the issue price plus accrued interest, if any. In addition, holders of the debentures may require the Company to repurchase the debentures on November 27, 2004 and 2008 at the issue price plus accrued interest, if any. In such circumstance, the Company has the option of paying the repurchase price in cash, shares of its CD common stock, or any combination thereof. During 2003, the Company redeemed $396 million of these debentures for approximately $408 million in cash. In connection with such redemption, the Company recorded a pre-tax charge of approximately $19 million. These debentures are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all the Company's existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness.
Beginning in November 2004, the Company may be required to pay additional interest on these debentures if the average of the sales prices of CD common stock is less than or equal to 45% of the accreted conversion price of the debentures for any 20 of the 30 trading days during the applicable measurement period. Thereafter, the interest rate will be adjusted upward for the subsequent six-month period to the rate at which a hypothetical issue of the Company's senior, non-convertible, fixed-rate, callable debt securities would trade, at that time, at par, provided that the reset rate shall not exceed 10% per year. The applicable measurement period for determining whether an upward interest adjustment will occur ends five business days prior to each May 30 and November 30 after November 27, 2004. In the event of an upward interest adjustment, no more than 0.25% per year, incrementally, will be paid in cash; the remaining additional interest will accrue and be paid at maturity. Additionally, the accreted conversion price of the debentures would increase (ratably with
F-47
the accreted value of debentures) if an upward interest adjustment occurs as it is calculated as 100% of the principal amount of the debentures, plus accrued and unpaid cash interest (which will only result from an upward adjustment to the interest) divided by the number of shares of CD common stock issued for each note, or 41.58. This upward interest adjustment is considered an embedded derivative under SFAS No. 133. The embedded derivative had a de minimis value at the time of issuance and at December 31, 2003 and 2002.
UPPER DECS
At December 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company had 17 million Upper DECS outstanding. The Upper DECS are a hybrid instrument consisting of both equity linked and debt securities. Each Upper DECS consists of both a senior note and a forward contract to purchase shares of CD common stock. The senior note is owned by the holder but is pledged to the Company as collateral for the forward purchase contracts. Holders can only sell the senior note if they pledge a Treasury security or cash to replace the senior note as collateral. The senior note initially bears interest at an annual rate of 6.75%, which may be reset based upon a successful remarketing in either May or August 2004. The senior note has a term of five years and represents senior unsecured debt, which ranks equally in right of payment with all the Company's existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated debt and ranks senior to any future subordinated indebtedness.
In August 2004, the forward purchase contract component of each Upper DECS security requires the holder to purchase $50 of CD common stock. The price at which Upper DECS holders will be required to purchase CD common stock will be the average closing price of CD common stock during the twenty consecutive trading days ending on the third trading day immediately preceding August 17, 2004, but no less than $21.53 and no more than $28.42. The minimum and maximum number of shares to be issued under the forward purchase contracts are 30.3 million to 40.1 million, respectively. Prior to August 2004, holders of the Upper DECS may settle their purchase obligations by delivering cash payment of $50 per purchase contract. For each purchase contract settled, the holders would receive 1.7593 of CD common stock (or approximately 30.3 million shares), regardless of the market price on that date, plus the senior notes released from collateral. The forward purchase contracts also require quarterly cash distributions to each holder at an annual rate of 1.00% through August 2004 (the date the forward purchase contracts are required to be settled). The discounted expected future cash flows recorded by the Company associated with these distributions approximated $26 million and is included as a component of stockholders' equity on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Upon settlement of the forward purchase contracts in August 2004, the Company would receive gross proceeds in cash of approximately $863 million. Upon maturity in August 2006, of the senior notes that are currently a component of the Upper DECS, the Company would be required to repay $863 million in cash.
Because the Upper DECS obligate holders to purchase CD common stock at a price determined by the average closing price of CD common stock during a 20 trading day period ending in August 2004, the Upper DECS are functionally equivalent to issuing shares of CD common stock subject to an issue-price collar, with a delay in issuance until 2004.
F-48
DEBT MATURITIES
Aggregate maturities of debt (excluding the Upper DECS) based upon maturity or earliest mandatory redemption dates are as follows:
|
Amount |
||
---|---|---|---|
2004 (a) | $ | 1,629 | |
2005 | 22 | ||
2006 (b) | 913 | ||
2007 | 2 | ||
2008 | 805 | ||
Thereafter | 1,768 | ||
$ | 5,139 | ||
COMMITTED CREDIT FACILITIES AND AVAILABLE FUNDING ARRANGEMENTS
At December 31, 2003, the committed credit facilities available to the Company at the corporate level were as follows:
|
Total Capacity |
Outstanding Borrowings |
Letters of Credit Issued |
Available Capacity |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maturing in December 2005 | $ | 2,900 | $ | | $ | 1,169 | $ | 1,731 |
Borrowings under this facility bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin of 107.5 basis points. In addition, the Company is required to pay a per annum facility fee of 17.5 basis points under this facility. In the event that the credit ratings assigned to the Company by nationally recognized debt rating agencies are downgraded to a level below its ratings as of December 31, 2003 but still investment grade, the interest rate and facility fees on this facility are subject to incremental upward adjustments of 10 and 2.5 basis points, respectively. In the event that such credit ratings are downgraded below investment grade, the interest rate and facility fees are subject to further upward adjustments of 57.5 and 17.5 basis points, respectively. In addition to the $1,169 million of letters of credit issued as of December 31, 2003, this facility contains the committed capacity to issue an additional $581 million in letters of credit. The letters of credit outstanding under this facility at December 31, 2003 were issued primarily to support the Company's vehicle rental businesses.
As of December 31, 2003, the Company also had $400 million of availability for public debt or equity issuances under a shelf registration statement.
DEBT COVENANTS
Certain of the Company's debt instruments and credit facilities contain restrictive covenants, including restrictions on indebtedness of material subsidiaries, mergers, limitations on liens, liquidations and sale and leaseback transactions, and also require the maintenance of certain financial ratios. At December 31, 2003, the Company was in compliance with all restrictive and financial covenants.
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Debt under management and mortgage programs (including related party debt due to AESOP Funding) consisted of:
|
As of December 31, 2003 |
As of December 31, 2002 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asset-Backed Debt: | ||||||||
Vehicle rental program | ||||||||
AESOP Funding | $ | 5,644 | $ | 4,029 | ||||
Other | 651 | 2,053 | ||||||
Vehicle management program | 3,118 | 3,058 | ||||||
Mortgage program | ||||||||
Bishop's Gate | 1,651 | | ||||||
Other | | 871 | ||||||
Timeshare program | ||||||||
Sierra | 774 | | ||||||
Other | 335 | 145 | ||||||
Relocation program | ||||||||
Apple Ridge | 400 | | ||||||
Other | | 80 | ||||||
12,573 | 10,236 | |||||||
Unsecured Debt: | ||||||||
Term notes | 1,916 | 1,421 | ||||||
Commercial paper | 164 | 866 | ||||||
Bank loans | | 107 | ||||||
Other | 132 | 117 | ||||||
2,212 | 2,511 | |||||||
Total debt under management and mortgage programs | $ | 14,785 | $ | 12,747 | ||||
ASSET-BACKED DEBT
Vehicle Rental Program
AESOP Funding. AESOP Funding was established by the Company as a bankruptcy remote special purpose limited liability company that issues private placement notes and uses the proceeds from such issuances to make loans to a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, AESOP Leasing LP ("AESOP Leasing") on a continuing basis. AESOP Leasing uses these proceeds to acquire or finance the acquisition of vehicles used in the Company's rental car operations. Prior to December 31, 2003, both AESOP Funding and AESOP Leasing were consolidated by the Company and, as such, the intercompany transactions between these two entities were eliminated causing only the third-party debt issued by AESOP Funding and the vehicles purchased by AESOP Leasing to be presented within the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. However, in connection with the adoption of FIN 46R, the Company determined that it was not the primary beneficiary of AESOP Funding. Accordingly, the Company deconsolidated AESOP Funding on December 31, 2003. As a result, AESOP Leasing's obligation to AESOP Funding is reflected as related party debt on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2003. The Company also recorded an asset within vehicle-related, net assets under management and mortgage programs on its Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2003, which represented the equity issued by AESOP Funding to the Company. The vehicles purchased by AESOP Leasing remain on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as AESOP Leasing continues to be consolidated by the Company. Such vehicles, which approximate
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$5.5 billion, collateralize the debt issued by AESOP Funding and are not available to pay the general obligations of the Company.
The business activities of AESOP Funding are limited primarily to issuing indebtedness and using the proceeds thereof to make loans to AESOP Leasing for the purpose of acquiring or financing the acquisition of vehicles to be leased to the Company's rental car subsidiary and pledging its assets to secure the indebtedness. As the deconsolidation of AESOP Funding occurred on December 31, 2003, the income statement and cash flow activity of the Company were not impacted for 2003. Beginning on January 1, 2004, the results of operations and cash flows of AESOP Funding will no longer be reflected within the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
Borrowings under the AESOP Funding program primarily represent floating rate term notes with a weighted average interest rate of 3% for both 2003 and 2002.
Other. Borrowings under the Company's other vehicle rental programs represent amounts issued under financing facilities that provide for the issuance of notes to support the acquisition of vehicles used in the Company's international vehicle rental operations under its Avis and Budget brands. The debt issued is collateralized by the vehicles purchased and primarily represents floating rate bank loans and commercial paper for which the weighted average interest rate was 2% for both 2003 and 2002.
Vehicle Management Program
Borrowings under the Company's vehicle management program primarily represent amounts issued under a domestic financing facility that provides for the issuance of variable rate term notes to unrelated
third parties ($2.7 billion) and the issuance of preferred membership interests to an unconsolidated related party ($408 million). The variable rate term notes and preferred membership
interests were issued to support the acquisition of vehicles used in the Company's fleet leasing operations. The debt issued is collateralized by the leased vehicles purchased, which are not available
to pay the general obligations of the Company. The titles to all the vehicles collateralizing the debt issued under this program are held in a bankruptcy remote trust and the Company acts as a
servicer of all such vehicles. The bankruptcy remote trust also acts as lessor under both operating and financing lease agreements. The debt issued under this program primarily represents floating
rate term notes for which the weighted average interest rate was 2% for both 2003 and 2002.
Mortgage Program
Bishop's Gate. Bishop's Gate is a bankruptcy remote SPE that is utilized to warehouse mortgage loans originated by the Company's mortgage business prior to their sale into the secondary market, which is customary practice in the mortgage industry. The debt issued by Bishop's Gate is collateralized by $149 million of cash and approximately $1.6 billion of underlying mortgage loans, which are serviced by the Company and recorded within mortgage loans held for sale on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2003. Prior to the adoption of FIN 46, sales of mortgage loans to Bishop's Gate were treated as off-balance sheet sales. The activities of Bishop's Gate are limited to (i) purchasing mortgage loans from the Company's mortgage subsidiary, (ii) issuing commercial paper or other debt instruments and/or borrowing under a liquidity agreement to effect such purchases, (iii) entering into interest rate swaps to hedge interest rate risk and certain non-credit related market risk on the purchased mortgage loans, (iv) selling and securitizing the acquired mortgage loans to third parties and (v) engaging in certain related transactions. The assets of Bishop's Gate are not available to pay the general obligations of the Company. The debt issued under Bishop's Gate primarily represents term notes for which the weighted average interest rate was 2% for 2003.
Other. Borrowings under the Company's other mortgage program primarily represent short-term debt issued under a repurchase facility, which is used to warehouse mortgage loans originated by the
F-51
Company before they are ultimately sold into the secondary market. This facility is renewable on an annual basis at the discretion of the lender. The debt issued under this program is collateralized by underlying mortgage loans held in safekeeping by the custodian to the repurchase agreement. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings under this program was 3% for 2002.
Timeshare Program
Sierra Receivables Funding Entities. The Sierra Receivables Funding entities (the "Sierra entities") are bankruptcy remote SPEs that are utilized to securitize timeshare receivables generated from the sale of vacation ownership interests by the Company's timeshare businesses. The debt issued by the Sierra entities is collateralized by $63 million of cash and $957 million of underlying timeshare receivables, which are serviced by the Company and recorded within timeshare-related assets under management and mortgage programs on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2003. Prior to September 1, 2003, sales of timeshare receivables to the Sierra entities were treated as off-balance sheet sales, as these entities were structured as bankruptcy remote QSPEs and, therefore, excluded from the scope of FIN 46. However, on September 1, 2003, the underlying structures of the Sierra entities were amended in a manner that resulted in these entities no longer meeting the criteria to qualify as QSPEs pursuant to SFAS No. 140. Consequently, the Company began consolidating the account balances and activities of the Sierra entities on September 1, 2003 pursuant to FIN 46. The activities of the Sierra entities are limited to (i) purchasing timeshare receivables from the Company's timeshare subsidiaries, (ii) issuing debt securities and/or borrowing under a conduit facility to effect such purchases and (iii) entering into derivatives to hedge interest rate exposure. The assets of the Sierra entities are not available to pay the general obligations of the Company. The debt issued under the Sierra entities primarily represents fixed rate term notes for which the weighted average interest rate was 3% for 2003.
Other. Borrowings under the Company's other timeshare programs represent bank debt, which is collateralized by timeshare receivables and inventory. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings under this program was 3% and 4% for 2003 and 2002, respectively.
Relocation Program
Apple Ridge Funding LLC. Apple Ridge Funding LLC ("Apple Ridge") is a bankruptcy remote SPE that is utilized to securitize relocation receivables generated from advancing funds to clients of the Company's relocation business. The debt issued by Apple Ridge is collateralized by cash and underlying relocation receivables aggregating $519 million, which are serviced by the Company and recorded on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2003. Prior to November 26, 2003, sales of relocation receivables to Apple Ridge were treated as off-balance sheet sales, as this entity was structured as a bankruptcy remote QSPE and, therefore, excluded from the scope of FIN 46. However, on November 26, 2003, the underlying structure of Apple Ridge was amended in a manner that resulted in it no longer meeting the criteria to qualify as a QSPE pursuant to SFAS No. 140. Consequently, the Company began consolidating the account balances and activities of Apple Ridge on November 26, 2003 pursuant to FIN 46. Prior to consolidation, the Company recognized gains upon the sale of relocation receivables to Apple Ridge. However, such gains were not material for the period January 1, 2003 through November 25, 2003 and for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001. The activities of Apple Ridge are limited to (i) purchasing relocation receivables from the Company's relocation subsidiary, (ii) issuing debt securities and/or borrowing under a conduit facility to effect such purchases and (iii) entering into, terminating or modifying certain derivative transactions. The assets of Apple Ridge are not available to pay the general obligations of the Company. The debt issued under Apple Ridge represents a floating rate term note for which the weighted average interest rate was 1% for 2003.
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Other. Borrowings under the Company's other relocation program represent bank debt issued by a domestic relocation conduit, which is collateralized by relocation receivables. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings under this program was 4% for 2002.
UNSECURED DEBT
Term Notes
These term notes were issued by and are for the exclusive use of the Company's PHH subsidiary. The
balance at December 31, 2003 consists of (i) $982 million of publicly issued medium-term notes bearing interest at a blended rate of 7%,
(ii) $460 million of privately-placed medium-term notes bearing interest at a blended rate of 8% and (iii) $474 million of short-term notes bearing
interest at a blended rate of 7%. Such amounts include aggregate hedging losses of $11 million. The balance at December 31, 2002 consists of (i) $663 million of publicly
issued medium-term notes bearing interest at 8.125%, (ii) $466 million of privately-placed medium-term notes bearing interest at a blended rate of 8% and
(iii) $292 million of short-term notes bearing interest at a blended rate of 7%. Such amounts include aggregate hedging gains of $32 million. The proceeds from the
issuance of these term notes were used to finance the purchase of various assets under management and mortgage programs.
Commercial Paper
The Company's policy is to maintain available capacity under its two committed PHH revolving credit facilities (described below) to fully support its outstanding commercial paper. The weighted average
interest rates on the outstanding commercial paper, which matures within 270 days from issuance, at December 31, 2003 and 2002 was 1% and 2%, respectively. The proceeds from the issuance
of commercial paper are used to finance the purchase of various assets under management and mortgage programs.
Bank Loans
Unsecured bank loans primarily represent borrowings under revolving credit facilities related to management and mortgage programs. The weighted average interest rates of outstanding bank loans at
December 31, 2002 was 4%. The proceeds from these borrowings are used to finance the purchase of various assets under management and mortgage programs.
DEBT MATURITIES
The following table provides the contractual maturities for debt under management and mortgage programs (including related party debt due to AESOP Funding) at December 31, 2003 (except for notes issued under the Company's vehicle management and Sierra timeshare programs, where the underlying indentures require payments based on cash inflows relating to the corresponding assets under management and mortgage programs and for which estimates of repayments have been used):
|
Asset-Backed |
Unsecured (*) |
Total |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2004 | $ | 2,532 | $ | 114 | $ | 2,646 | |||
2005 | 3,479 | 405 | 3,884 | ||||||
2006 | 3,047 | | 3,047 | ||||||
2007 | 1,262 | 190 | 1,452 | ||||||
2008 | 1,748 | 432 | 2,180 | ||||||
Thereafter | 505 | 1,071 | 1,576 | ||||||
$ | 12,573 | $ | 2,212 | $ | 14,785 | ||||
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AVAILABLE FUNDING ARRANGEMENTS AND COMMITTED CREDIT FACILITIES
As of December 31, 2003, available funding under the Company's on-balance sheet asset-backed debt programs and committed credit facilities (including related party debt due to AESOP Funding) related to the Company's management and mortgage programs consisted of:
|
Total Capacity |
Outstanding Borrowings |
Available Capacity |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asset-Backed Funding Arrangements (a) | |||||||||||
Vehicle rental program | |||||||||||
AESOP Funding | $ | 6,514 | $ | 5,644 | $ | 870 | |||||
Other | 911 | 651 | 260 | ||||||||
Vehicle management program | 3,917 | 3,118 | 799 | ||||||||
Mortgage program | |||||||||||
Bishop's Gate | 3,151 | 1,651 | 1,500 | ||||||||
Other | 500 | | 500 | ||||||||
Timeshare program | |||||||||||
Sierra | 1,242 | 774 | 468 | ||||||||
Other | 425 | 335 | 90 | ||||||||
Relocation program | |||||||||||
Apple Ridge | 500 | 400 | 100 | ||||||||
Other | 100 | | 100 | ||||||||
17,260 | 12,573 | 4,687 | |||||||||
Committed Credit Facilities (b) | |||||||||||
Maturity in February 2005 | 1,250 | | 1,250 | ||||||||
$ | 18,510 | $ | 12,573 | $ | 5,937 | ||||||
Borrowings under the Company's $500 million and $750 million credit facilities maturing in February 2005 bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin of 72.5 basis points. In addition, the Company is required to pay a per annum facility fee of 15 basis points under these facilities and a per annum utilization fee of approximately 25 basis points if usage under the facilities exceeds 25% of aggregate commitments. In the event that the credit ratings assigned to PHH by nationally recognized debt rating agencies are downgraded to a level below PHH's ratings as of December 31, 2003, the interest rate and facility fees are subject to a maximum upward adjustment of approximately 65.0 and 22.5 basis points, respectively.
As of December 31, 2003, the Company also had $874 million of availability for public debt issuances under a shelf registration statement at its PHH subsidiary.
DEBT COVENANTS
Certain of the Company's debt instruments and credit facilities related to its management and mortgage programs contain restrictive covenants, including restrictions on dividends paid to the Company by certain of its subsidiaries and indebtedness of material subsidiaries, mergers, limitations on liens, liquidations, and sale and leaseback transactions, and also require the maintenance of certain financial ratios. At December 31, 2003, the Company was in compliance with all such restrictive and financial covenants.
The Company sells residential mortgage loans in securitization transactions typically retaining one or more of the following: servicing rights, interest-only strips, principal-only strips and/or subordinated
F-54
interests. Although the Company principally sells its originated mortgage loans directly to government sponsored entities, in limited circumstances, the Company sells loans through a wholly-owned subsidiary's public registration statement. With the exception of specific mortgage loans that are sold with recourse, the investors have no recourse to the Company's other assets for failure of debtors to pay when due (see Note 6Mortgage Activities). Key economic assumptions used during 2003, 2002 and 2001 to measure the fair value of the Company's retained interests in mortgage loans at the time of the securitization were as follows:
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mortgage- Backed Securities (*) |
MSRs |
Mortgage- Backed Securities (*) |
MSRs |
Mortgage- Backed Securities (*) |
MSRs |
|||||||
Prepayment speed | 7-25 | % | 11-50 | % | 7-22 | % | 12-54 | % | 7-43 | % | 9-42 | % | |
Weighted average life (in years) | 1.9-6.9 | 1.3-6.8 | 2.1-10.6 | 1.3-6.3 | 2.9-7.2 | 2.5-9.1 | |||||||
Discount rate | 5-15 | % | 6-21 | % | 5-18 | % | 6-14 | % | 5-26 | % | 6-16 | % |
Additionally, in 2001, the Company sold timeshare receivables to multiple bankruptcy remote QSPEs retaining the servicing rights and a subordinated interest. As these entities are QSPEs and precluded from consolidation pursuant to generally accepted accounting principles, the debt issued by these entities and the collateralizing assets, which are serviced by the Company, are not reflected on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The assets of these QSPEs are not available to pay the Company's obligations. Additionally, the creditors of these QSPEs have no recourse to the Company's credit. However, the Company has made representations and warranties customary for securitization transactions, including eligibility characteristics of the receivables and servicing responsibilities, in connection with the securitization of these assets. Sales of timeshare receivables to these entities in 2003 and 2002 were insignificant since substantially all timeshare receivables were securitized during such years through the Sierra entities, which are consolidated on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2003. Presented below is detailed information for these QSPEs (to which timeshare receivables were sold prior to the establishment of the Sierra entities):
|
Assets Serviced |
Funding Capacity |
Debt Issued (b) |
Available Capacity (c) |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Timeshare QSPEs (a) | $ | 390 | $ | 340 | $ | 340 | $ | |
Key economic assumptions used during 2001 to measure the fair value of the Company's retained interests in timeshare receivables at the time of the securitization were as follows:
|
2001 |
||
---|---|---|---|
Prepayment speed | 13-21 | % | |
Weighted average life (in years) | 7.1-7.4 | ||
Discount rate | 12-17 | % | |
Anticipated credit losses | 8-12 | % |
Key economic assumptions used in subsequently measuring the fair value of the Company's retained interests in securitized mortgage loans and timeshare receivables (sold prior to the establishment of
F-55
the Sierra entities) at December 31, 2003 and the effect on the fair value of those interests from adverse changes in those assumptions are as follows:
|
Mortgage Loans |
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mortgage- Backed Securities |
MSR (*) |
Timeshare Receivables |
|||||||
Fair value of retained interests | $ | 102 | $ | 1,641 | $ | 81 | ||||
Weighted average life (in years) | 4.2 | 5.7 | 7.5-8.4 | |||||||
Annual servicing fee | | 0.33 | % | 0.75-1.75 | % | |||||
Prepayment speed (annual rate) | 9-88 | % | 10-47 | % | 7-13.5 | % | ||||
Impact of 10% adverse change | $ | (12 | ) | $ | (93 | ) | $ | | ||
Impact of 20% adverse change | $ | (15 | ) | $ | (178 | ) | $ | (1 | ) | |
Discount rate (annual rate) | 2-26 | % | 10.5 | % | 15 | % | ||||
Impact of 10% adverse change | $ | (14 | ) | $ | (63 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | |
Impact of 20% adverse change | $ | (17 | ) | $ | (121 | ) | $ | (3 | ) | |
Anticipated credit losses (annual rate) | | | 9.5-11.9 | % | ||||||
Impact of 10% adverse change | $ | | $ | | $ | (1 | ) | |||
Impact of 20% adverse change | $ | | $ | | $ | (3 | ) |
These sensitivities are hypothetical and presented for illustrative purposes only. Changes in fair value based on a 10% variation in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption is calculated without changing any other assumption; in reality, changes in one assumption may result in changes in another, which may magnify or counteract the sensitivities. Further, this analysis does not assume any impact resulting from management's intervention to mitigate these variations.
The following table presents information about delinquencies and components of securitized residential mortgage loans and timeshare receivables (those sold prior to the establishment of the Sierra entities) as of and for the year ended December 31, 2003:
|
Total Principal Amount |
Principal Amount 60 Days or More Past Due (a) |
Net Credit Losses (c) |
Average Principal Balance |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Residential mortgage loans (b) | $ | 273 | $ | 35 | $ | 2 | $ | 275 | ||||
Timeshare receivables | 390 | 11 | | 448 | ||||||||
Total securitized assets | $ | 663 | $ | 46 | $ | 2 | $ | 723 | ||||
As discussed in Note 16Debt Under Management and Mortgage Programs and Borrowing Arrangements, the Company sold financial assets to Bishop's Gate, the Sierra entities and Apple Ridge prior to its consolidation of these securitization structures on July 1, 2003, September 1, 2003 and November 26, 2003, respectively. The cash flow activity presented below covers the period up to and including the date of consolidation of these structures in addition to the full year activity between the Company and securitization trusts that remain off-balance sheet as of December 31, 2003.
F-56
|
Mortgage Loans |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||
Proceeds from new securitizations | $ | 59,511 | $ | 38,722 | $ | 35,776 | ||||
Servicing fees received | 444 | 411 | 352 | |||||||
Other cash flows received on retained interests (a) | 24 | 25 | 31 | |||||||
Purchases of delinquent or foreclosed loans (b) | (677 | ) | (681 | ) | (228 | ) | ||||
Servicing advances | (512 | ) | (161 | ) | (498 | ) | ||||
Repayment of servicing advances | 473 | 139 | 495 | |||||||
Timeshare Receivables |
||||||||||
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||
Proceeds from new securitizations | $ | 620 | $ | 345 | $ | 259 | ||||
Proceeds from collections reinvested in securitizations | 39 | 33 | | |||||||
Servicing fees received | 10 | 10 | 4 | |||||||
Other cash flows received on retained interests (a) | 28 | 50 | 16 | |||||||
Purchases of delinquent or foreclosed loans (b) | (57 | ) | (52 | ) | (16 | ) | ||||
Cash received upon release of reserve account | 12 | 2 | 2 | |||||||
Purchases of defective contracts | (55 | ) | (40 | ) | (23 | ) | ||||
Relocation Receivables |
||||||||||
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||
Proceeds from new securitizations | $ | 35 | $ | 770 | $ | 1,964 | ||||
Proceeds from collections reinvested in securitizations | 2,717 | 2,433 | 1,984 | |||||||
Servicing fees received | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||||
Other cash flows received on retained interests (a) | 38 | 48 | (6 | ) | ||||||
Cash (paid)/received upon (funding)/release of reserve account | (17 | ) | 1 | 3 |
During 2003, 2002 and 2001, the Company recognized pre-tax gains of $850 million, $493 million and $483 million, respectively, related to the securitization of residential mortgage loans. During 2003, the Company recognized pre-tax gains of $39 million on the securitization of timeshare receivables through the Sierra entities (prior to the Company's consolidation thereof on September 1, 2003), which were calculated using the following key economic assumptions: 7-15% prepayment speed; 7.0-7.6 weighted average life (in years); 15% discount rate; 9.5-13.7% anticipated credit losses. During 2002, the Company recognized pre-tax gains of $43 million on the securitization of timeshare receivables through the Sierra entities, which were calculated using the following key economic assumptions: 7.7-13% prepayment speed; 6.0-7.4 weighted average life (in years); 15% discount rate; 9-14.7% anticipated credit losses. During 2001, the Company recognized pre-tax gains of $8 million on the securitization of timeshare receivables through the QSPEs discussed above (refer to the key economic assumptions detailed in the table above). Gains recognized on the securitization of relocation receivables were not material during 2003, 2002 and 2001. All gains on the securitization of financial assets are recorded within net revenues on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.
The Company has made representations and warranties customary for securitization transactions, including eligibility characteristics of the mortgage loans, timeshare receivables, and relocation receivables and servicing responsibilities, in connection with the securitization of these assets.
F-57
18. Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Interest in a Subsidiary
During 2000, a limited liability corporation formed by the Company through the contribution of certain trademarks issued a senior preferred equity interest to an independent third party in exchange for $375 million in cash. This mandatorily redeemable preferred interest in a subsidiary (which was presented between the liability and equity sections on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2002) was reclassified to long-term debt on July 1, 2003 in connection with the adoption of SFAS No. 150. The Company is precluded from reclassifying prior period amounts pursuant to this standard. In September 2003, the Company prepaid this amount at par. In connection with this prepayment, the Company recorded a pre-tax charge of approximately $3 million to reflect the write-off of related debt issuance costs.
The Company was required to pay distributions on the senior preferred equity interest based on the three-month LIBOR plus a margin of 1.77%, which were reflected as minority interest in the Consolidated Statements of Income prior to the reclassification. During 2003 (through June 2003), 2002 and 2001, such pre-tax minority interest expense approximated $6 million, $14 million and $23 million, respectively.
19. Commitments and Contingencies
Lease Commitments
The Company is committed to making rental payments under noncancelable operating leases covering various facilities and equipment.
Future minimum lease payments required under noncancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2003 are as follows:
Year |
|
Amount |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2004 | $ | 540 | |||
2005 | 431 | ||||
2006 | 351 | ||||
2007 | 287 | ||||
2008 | 192 | ||||
Thereafter | 876 | ||||
$ | 2,677 | ||||
Commitments under capital leases are not significant.
During 2003, 2002 and 2001, the Company incurred total rental expense of $722 million, $518 million and $330 million, respectively, inclusive of contingent rental expense of $93 million, $69 million and $56 million in 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively, principally based on car rental volume. Included within the Company's total rental expense for 2003, 2002 and 2001 are fees paid by the Company in connection with agreements with airports that allow the Company to conduct its car rental operations on-site. Such agreements require the Company to guarantee a minimum amount of fees to be paid to the airports regardless of the amount of revenue generated by the on-site car rental operations. The Company has also included the future minimum payments to be made in connection with these guarantees in the above table.
Commitments to Purchase Vehicles
The Company maintains agreements with vehicle manufacturers whereby the Company is required to purchase approximately $4.9 billion of vehicles from these manufacturers during 2004. The
Company's featured suppliers for the Avis and Budget brands are General Motors Corporation and Ford Motor Company, respectively. The purchase of such vehicles is financed through the issuance of debt
under
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management and mortgage programs in addition to cash received upon the sale of vehicles primarily under repurchase programs.
Other Purchase Commitments
In the normal course of business, the Company makes various commitments to purchase goods or services from specific suppliers, including those related to capital expenditures. None of the purchase
commitments made by the Company as of December 31, 2003 (aggregating approximately $2.2 billion) was individually significant with the exception of the Company's commitments under
service contracts for information technology (aggregating $1.2 billion, of which $136 million relates to 2004) and telecommunications (aggregating $376 million, of which
$123 million relates to 2004).
Contingencies
The June 1999 disposition of the Company's fleet businesses was structured as a tax-free reorganization and, accordingly, no tax provision was recorded on a majority of the gain.
However, pursuant to an interpretive ruling, the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") has subsequently taken the position that similarly structured transactions do not qualify as tax-free
reorganizations under the Internal Revenue Code Section 368(a)(1)(A). If upon final determination, the transaction is not considered a tax-free reorganization, the Company may have
to record a non-cash tax charge of up to $270 million, depending upon certain factors. The non-cash tax charge primarily results from the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards.
Notwithstanding the IRS interpretive ruling, the Company believes that, based upon analysis of current tax law, its position would prevail, if challenged.
The Company is involved in litigation asserting claims associated with accounting irregularities discovered in former CUC business units outside of the principal common stockholder class action litigation. While the Company has an accrued liability of approximately $90 million recorded on its Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2003 for these claims based upon its best estimates, it does not believe that it is feasible to predict or determine the final outcome or resolution of these unresolved proceedings. An adverse outcome from such unresolved proceedings could be material with respect to earnings in any given reporting period. However, the Company does not believe that the impact of such unresolved proceedings should result in a material liability to the Company in relation to its consolidated financial position or liquidity.
The Company is involved in other pending litigation, which, in the opinion of management, should not have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Standard Guarantees/Indemnifications
In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into numerous agreements that contain standard guarantees and indemnities whereby the Company indemnifies another party for breaches of
representations and warranties. In addition, many of these parties are also indemnified against any third party claim resulting from the transaction that is contemplated in the underlying agreement.
Such guarantees or indemnifications are granted under various agreements, including those governing (i) purchases, sales or outsourcing of assets or businesses, (ii) leases of real
estate, (iii) licensing of trademarks, (iv) development of timeshare properties, (v) access to credit facilities and use of derivatives, (vi) sales of mortgage loans,
(vii) issuances of debt or equity securities, (viii) licensing of computer software and (ix) GDS subscriber services. The guarantees or indemnifications issued are for the benefit
of the (i) buyers in sale agreements and sellers in purchase agreements, (ii) landlords in lease contracts, (iii) franchisees in a licensing agreements, (iv) developers in
timeshare development agreements, (v) financial institutions in credit facility arrangements and derivative contracts, (vi) purchasers and insurers of the loans in sales of mortgage
loans, (vii) underwriters in debt or equity security issuances and (viii) travel agents or other users in GDS subscriber services. While some of these guarantees extend only for the
duration of the underlying agreement, many survive the expiration of the term of the agreement or extend into perpetuity (unless subject to a legal statute of
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limitations). There are no specific limitations on the maximum potential amount of future payments that the Company could be required to make under these guarantees, nor is the Company able to develop an estimate of the maximum potential amount of future payments to be made under these guarantees as the triggering events are not subject to predictability. With respect to certain of the aforementioned guarantees, such as indemnifications of landlords against third party claims for the use of real estate property leased by the Company, the Company maintains insurance coverage that mitigates any potential payments to be made.
The Company also provides guarantees for the benefit of landlords in lease contracts where the lease was assigned to a third party due to the sale of a business which occupied the leased facility. These guarantees extend only the duration of the underlying lease contract. The maximum potential amount of future payments that the Company may be required to make under these guarantees is approximately $30 million in the aggregate. As of December 31, 2003, the Company had accrued approximately $12 million of this amount on its Consolidated Balance Sheet. If the Company were required to make payments under these guarantees, it would have similar recourse against the tenant (third party to which the lease was assigned).
Other Guarantees
The Company's timeshare businesses provide guarantees to certain owners' associations for funds required to operate and maintain timeshare properties in excess of assessments collected from owners of
the timeshare interests. The Company may be required to fund such excess as a result of unsold Company-owned timeshare interests or failure by owners to pay such assessments. These guarantees extend
for the duration of the underlying service agreements (which approximate one year and are renewable on an annual basis) or until a stipulated percentage (typically 80% or higher) of related timeshare
interests are sold. The maximum potential future payments that the Company could be required to make under these guarantees was approximately $85 million as of December 31, 2003. The
Company would only be required to pay this maximum amount if none of the owners assessed paid their maintenance fees. Any fees collected from the owners of the timeshare interests would reduce the
maximum potential amount of future payments to be made by the Company. Additionally, should the Company be required to fund the deficit through the payment of any owners' fees under these guarantees,
the Company would be permitted access to the property for its own use and may use that property to engage in revenue producing activities, such as advertising or rental. Historically, the Company has
not been required to make material payments under these guarantees as the fees collected from owners of timeshare interests have been sufficient to support the operation and maintenance of the
timeshare properties. As of December 31, 2003, the liability recorded by the Company in connection with these guarantees was de minimis.
The Company coordinates numerous events for it franchisees and thus reserves a number of venues with certain minimum guarantees, such as room rentals at hotels local to the conference center. However, such room rentals are paid by each individual franchisee. If the franchisees do not meet the minimum guarantees, the Company is obligated to fulfill the minimum guaranteed fees. As of December 31, 2003, these guarantees extended into 2006 and the maximum potential amount of future payments that the Company may be required to make under such guarantees was approximately $20 million. The Company would only be required to pay this maximum amount if none of the franchisees conducted their planned events at the reserved venues. Historically, the Company has not been required to make material payments under these guarantees. As of December 31, 2003, the liability recorded by the Company in connection with these guarantees was de minimis.
20. Stockholders' Equity
CD Common Stock Transactions
During 2003, 2002 and 2001, the Company repurchased approximately $1.1 billion (64.5 million shares), $291 million (19.8 million shares) and $226 million
(12.3 million shares), respectively, of CD
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common stock under its board-authorized common share repurchase program. As of December 31, 2003, the Company had approximately $321 million of remaining availability for repurchases under a Board-approved share repurchase program. See Note 30Subsequent Events for additional information.
As discussed in Note 4Acquisitions, the Company issued approximately 59 million shares of CD common stock in connection with the acquisitions of Trendwest (47.4 million shares) and NRT (11.5 million shares) during 2002 and, in 2001, the Company issued approximately 117 million shares of CD common stock in connection with the acquisition of Galileo. Additionally, during 2001, the Company issued approximately 61 million shares of CD common stock to settle the purchase contracts underlying the PRIDES in non-cash transactions. The Company also issued 46 million shares of CD common stock at $13.20 per share for aggregate proceeds of approximately $607 million in cash during 2001.
Move.com Common Stock Transactions
During 2001, the Company repurchased all the remaining outstanding shares of Move.com common stock for $29 million in cash and the transfer of 1.7 million shares of Homestore common
stock then valued at $46 million. There are no shares of Move.com common stock outstanding.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income are as follows:
|
Currency Translation Adjustments |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges |
Unrealized Gains/(Losses) on Available-for- Sale Securities |
Minimum Pension Liability Adjustment |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Balance, January 1, 2001 | $ | (165 | ) | $ | | $ | (69 | ) | $ | | $ | (234 | ) | ||
Current period change | (65 | ) | (33 | ) | 89 | (21 | ) | (30 | ) | ||||||
Balance, December 31, 2001 | (230 | ) | (33 | ) | 20 | (21 | ) | (264 | ) | ||||||
Current period change | 311 | (8 | ) | (16 | ) | (37 | ) | 250 | |||||||
Balance, December 31, 2002 | 81 | (41 | ) | 4 | (58 | ) | (14 | ) | |||||||
Current period change | 143 | 38 | 42 | | 223 | ||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2003 | $ | 224 | $ | (3 | ) | $ | 46 | $ | (58 | ) | $ | 209 | |||
All components of accumulated other comprehensive income are net of tax except currency translation adjustments, which exclude income taxes related to indefinite investments in foreign subsidiaries.
The Company may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares and restricted stock units ("RSUs") to its employees, including directors and officers of the Company and its affiliates. Beginning in 2003, the Company changed the method by which it provides stock-based compensation to its employees by significantly reducing the number of stock options granted and instead, issuing RSUs as a form of compensation. The Company is authorized to grant up to 314 million shares of its common stock under its active stock plans and at December 31, 2003, approximately 145 million shares were available for future grants under the terms of these plans.
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Stock Options
Options granted during 2003, although minimal in comparison to prior years, vest ratably over a four-year period and have a ten-year term. Prior to 2003, options granted to
employees generally had a ten-year term and vested ratably over periods ranging from two to five years. The Company's policy is to grant options with exercise prices at
then-current fair market value. The annual activity of the Company's CD common stock option plans consisted of:
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Options |
Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Options |
Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Options |
Weighted Average Exercise Price |
||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year | 237 | $ | 16.23 | 218 | $ | 15.82 | 187 | $ | 16.90 | |||||||
Granted at fair market value | 1 | 13.40 | 42 | 18.45 | 59 | 10.96 | ||||||||||
Granted in connection with acquisitions | 1 | 15.02 | 3 | 10.05 | 16 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
Exercised | (40 | ) | 10.77 | (10 | ) | 10.35 | (28 | ) | 9.19 | |||||||
Forfeited | (11 | ) | 19.45 | (16 | ) | 17.59 | (16 | ) | 18.46 | |||||||
Balance at end of year | 188 | $ | 17.21 | 237 | $ | 16.23 | 218 | $ | 15.82 | |||||||
During 2003, the Company recorded approximately $1 million of pre-tax compensation expense related to the issuance of common stock options to its employees since January 1, 2003. See Note 2Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for the effect on net income and earnings per share had the Company elected to recognize and measure compensation expense for all of its stock option grants to its employees based on the fair value method.
During 2002, the Company's Board of Directors accelerated the vesting of certain options previously granted with exercise prices greater than or equal to $15.1875. In connection with such action, approximately 43 million options (with a weighted average exercise price of $19.08), substantially all of which were scheduled to become exercisable by January 2004, became exercisable as of August 27, 2002. In addition, the post-employment exercise period for the modified options was reduced from one year to thirty days. However, if the employee remains employed by the Company through the date on which the option was originally scheduled to become vested, the post-employment exercise period will be one year. The Company's senior executive officers were not eligible for this modification. In accordance with the provisions of the FASB Interpretation No. 44, "Accounting for Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation (an Interpretation of APB Opinion No. 25)," there was no charge associated with this modification since none of the modified options had intrinsic value because the market price of the underlying CD common stock on August 27, 2002 was less than the exercise price of the modified options.
The table below summarizes information regarding the Company's outstanding and exercisable stock options as of December 31, 2003:
|
Outstanding Options |
Exercisable Options |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range of Exercise Prices |
Number of Options |
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life |
Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Number of Options |
Weighted Average Exercise Price |
|||||||
$0.01 to $10.00 | 50 | 4.6 | $ | 9.16 | 44 | $ | 9.13 | |||||
$10.01 to $20.00 | 91 | 6.0 | 17.20 | 82 | 17.50 | |||||||
$20.01 to $30.00 | 30 | 4.4 | 22.37 | 30 | 22.37 | |||||||
$30.01 to $40.00 | 17 | 3.8 | 31.92 | 17 | 31.92 | |||||||
188 | 5.2 | $ | 17.21 | 173 | $ | 17.65 | ||||||
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The weighted-average grant-date fair value of CD common stock options granted during 2003, 2002 and 2001 were $5.19, $8.43 and $5.27, respectively. The fair values of these stock options are estimated on the dates of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions for CD common stock options granted in 2003, 2002 and 2001:
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dividend yield | | | | ||||
Expected volatility | 49.0 | % | 50.0 | % | 50.0 | % | |
Risk-free interest rate | 2.4 | % | 4.2 | % | 4.4 | % | |
Expected holding period (years) | 3.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
All options related to Move.com common stock (which are not reflected in the above tables) were forfeited during 2001. Such options, which approximated six million, had a weighted average exercise price of $18.59.
Restricted Stock Units
Each RSU granted by the Company entitles the employee to receive one share of CD common stock upon vesting, which occurs ratably over a four-year period. As of December 31, 2003,
the Company had approximately 6.3 million RSUs outstanding with a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $13.98. During 2003, the Company recorded pre-tax
compensation expense of approximately $15 million in connection with these RSUs, which is included within general and administrative expenses on the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income.
The related deferred compensation balance, which is recorded on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as a reduction to additional paid-in capital, was $73 million as of
December 31, 2003. This deferred compensation balance will be amortized to expense over the remaining vesting period of the RSUs.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company is also authorized to sell up to 8.5 million shares of its CD common stock to eligible employees under its current non-compensatory employee stock purchase plan
("ESPP"). Under the terms of the ESPP, employees may authorize the Company to withhold up to 10% of their compensation from each paycheck for the purchase of CD common stock. For amounts withheld
during 2003, the purchase price of the stock was calculated as 95% of the fair market value of CD common stock as of the first day of each month. For amounts withheld during 2002 and prior periods,
the purchase price of the stock was calculated as 85% of the lower of the fair market value of CD common stock on the first or the last trade date of each calendar quarter. During 2003, the Company
issued approximately 1.1 million shares under the ESPP, bringing the cumulative issuances to approximately 3.6 million shares. As of December 31, 2003, approximately
4.9 million shares were available for issuance under the ESPP.
22. Two Flags Joint Venture LLC
In 2002, the Company formed Two Flags Joint Venture LLC ("Two Flags") through the contribution of its domestic Days Inn trademark and related license agreements. The Company did not contribute any other assets to Two Flags. The Company then sold 49.9999% of Two Flags to Marriott International, Inc. ("Marriott") in exchange for the domestic Ramada trademark and related license agreements. The Company retained a 50.0001% equity interest in Two Flags, continues to control Two Flags and, therefore, consolidates Two Flags. Marriott's equity interest in Two Flags, which approximated $100 million as of December 31, 2003 and 2002, is recorded as minority interest (within accounts payable and other current liabilities in 2003 and within non-current liabilities in 2002) on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Both Marriott and the Company have the right, but are not obligated, to cause the sale of Marriott's interest at any time after March 1, 2004 for approximately $200 million, which represents the projected fair market value of Marriott's interest at such time. Upon exercise of this right by either party, the Company would own 100% of Two Flags and have
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exclusive rights to the domestic Ramada and Days Inn trademarks and the related license agreements. The Company expects to loan Two Flags such amount to enable it to redeem Marriott's interest in 2004. Pursuant to the terms of the venture, the Company and Marriott share income from Two Flags on a substantially equal basis. By consent of both parties, Two Flags can be dissolved at any time and will otherwise terminate in accordance with the terms of its governing documents in March 2012. In the event of dissolution, Two Flags' assets will be distributed to the Company and Marriott in amounts that are in proportion to their relative capital accounts, with the Days Inn trademarks and related license agreement reverting back to the Company and the Ramada trademark and related license agreement reverting back to Marriott.
During 2003 and 2002, the Company recorded pre-tax minority interest expense of $25 million and $20 million, respectively, in connection with Two Flags.
23. Trilegiant Corporation
On July 2, 2001, the former management of the Company's individual membership businesses (Cendant Membership Services and Cendant Incentives subsidiaries) purchased 100% of the common stock of a newly-created company, Trilegiant, for $2.7 million in cash. Trilegiant operates membership-based clubs and programs and other incentive-based programs through an outsourcing arrangement with Cendant. The account balances and results of operations of Trilegiant were not reflected within the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements during 2001, 2002 or for the first six months of 2003 as the Company's ownership interest in Trilegiant did not exceed fifty percent of the outstanding voting shares of Trilegiant and the Company did not have the ability to control the financial or operating policies of Trilegiant through its voting rights, board representation or other similar rights. However, as discussed in Note 2Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, the Company consolidated Trilegiant on July 1, 2003 in connection with FIN 46. Accordingly, the account balances and results of operations of Trilegiant have been included within the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements since July 1, 2003. Although the Company is now recording Trilegiant's profits and losses in its consolidated results of operations, Cendant is not obligated to infuse capital or otherwise fund or cover any losses incurred by Trilegiant. Therefore, Cendant's maximum exposure to loss as of December 31, 2003 as a result of its involvement with Trilegiant was substantially limited to the advances and loans made to Trilegiant, as well as any receivables due from Trilegiant (collectively aggregating $100 million as of December 31, 2003), as such amounts may not be recoverable if Trilegiant were to cease operations. The creditors of Trilegiant have no recourse to Cendant's credit and the assets of Trilegiant are not available to pay Cendant's obligations. Cendant is not obligated or contingently liable for any debt incurred by Trilegiant. Cendant does not manage or operationally control Trilegiant. As of December 31, 2003, Cendant's equity ownership interest in Trilegiant approximated 37% on a fully diluted basis; however, after giving consideration to the applicable stockholders agreement, Cendant's management believed that Cendant has the right to acquire an additional 6% ownership interest at December 31, 2003. See Note 30Subsequent Events for modifications made to this relationship subsequent to December 31, 2003.
Pursuant to the outsourcing arrangement between Cendant and Trilegiant, Cendant retained substantially all of the assets and liabilities of its existing membership business and licensed Trilegiant the right to market products to new members utilizing its intellectual property. Accordingly, Cendant continues to collect membership fees from, and is obligated to provide membership benefits to, members of its individual membership business that existed as of July 2, 2001 (referred to as "existing members"), including their renewals, and Trilegiant provides fulfillment services for these members in exchange for a servicing fee paid by Cendant. Furthermore, Trilegiant collects the membership fees from, and is obligated to provide membership benefits to, any members who joined the membership-based clubs and programs and all other incentive programs subsequent to July 2, 2001 (referred to as "new members") and recognizes the related revenue and expenses. Similar to Cendant's other
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franchise businesses, Cendant receives a royalty from Trilegiant on all future revenue generated by the new members.
As referred to above, Trilegiant is licensing and/or leasing from Cendant the assets of Cendant's individual membership business in order to service these members and also to obtain new members. The assets licensed to Trilegiant include various tradenames, trademarks, logos, service marks and other intellectual property relating to its membership business. Upon expiration of the licensing term (40 years), Trilegiant will have the option to purchase any or all of the intellectual property licenses at their then-fair market values. Real property owned by Cendant was leased to Trilegiant on a monthly basis at rates that approximated Cendant's depreciation expense.
In connection with the foregoing arrangements, during 2001, Cendant advanced approximately $100 million in cash and $33 million of prepaid assets to Trilegiant to support their marketing activities and also made a $20 million convertible preferred stock investment in Trilegiant. Cendant also received warrants to purchase up to 2.1 million shares of Trilegiant's common stock. Cendant accounted for the entire advance to Trilegiant as a prepaid expense at the date of advance (prior to consolidation). The purpose of the advance was to assist Trilegiant in funding qualified marketing costs associated with obtaining new members whose revenue would become subject to royalties paid to Cendant. Prior to consolidation, Cendant expensed such advance when Trilegiant incurred qualified marketing expenses (pursuant to the terms of the advance).
Cendant's preferred stock investment is mandatorily redeemable and, therefore, was (prior to consolidation) classified as an available-for-sale debt security and accounted for at fair value. The preferred stock investment is convertible, at any time at Cendant's option, into approximately 37% of Trilegiant's common stock on a fully diluted basis. Cendant is entitled to receive a 12% cumulative non-cash dividend annually through July 2006 on its preferred stock investment and also entitled to vote its stock on an as-converted basis in proportion to its ownership percentage with the holders of the common stock on all matters. During third quarter 2001, Cendant wrote-off the entire $20 million preferred stock investment due to operating losses incurred by Trilegiant and the fact that this entity had relatively thin common equity capitalization since inception. Such amount is included as a component of operating expenses in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income during 2001. The warrants are exercisable, at Cendant's option, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, upon the achievement of certain business valuations ranging from $200 million to $750 million, into a majority ownership interest in Trilegiant.
The Company also provided Trilegiant with a $35 million revolving line of credit under which advances were at the sole and unilateral discretion of Cendant. The $35 million revolving line of credit was amended on July 1, 2003. The amended agreement provides that commencing October 1, 2003, Trilegiant may borrow up to $10 million under certain circumstances which are not at the sole and unilateral discretion of Cendant. As of December 31, 2003, Trilegiant had not drawn on this line.
During August 2001, Trilegiant entered into marketing agreements with a third party whereby Trilegiant provided certain marketing services to the third party in exchange for a commission. As part of its royalty arrangement with Trilegiant, Cendant receives 13% of the commissions paid by the third party to Trilegiant. In connection with these marketing agreements, Cendant provided Trilegiant with a $75 million loan facility bearing interest at a rate of 9%, under which Cendant advanced funds to Trilegiant for marketing performed by Trilegiant on behalf of the third party. Such advance was classified as a receivable from Trilegiant on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2002 (prior to consolidation).
For the period July 1, 2003 through December 31, 2003, Trilegiant contributed revenues and expenses of $241 million and $256 million, respectively (on a stand-alone basis before eliminations of intercompany entries in consolidation). As previously discussed, the consolidation of Trilegiant resulted in a non-cash charge of $293 million ($0.28 per diluted share) recorded on July 1, 2003 as a cumulative
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effect of accounting change. The 2003 results further reflect revenues and expenses recorded by the Company in connection with the outsourcing arrangement prior to the consolidation of Trilegiant (for the period January 1, 2003 through June 30, 2003). The Company recorded revenues of $33 million (representing royalties and licensing and leasing fees) and expenses of $78 million (relating to fulfillment services and the amortization of the marketing advance made in 2001) for the period January 1 through June 30, 2003.
During 2002 and 2001, the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income reflect (i) revenues of $60 million and $17 million, respectively, representing royalties and licensing and leasing fees and (ii) expenses of $190 million and $214 million, respectively, relating to both fulfillment services and the amortization of the marketing advance made in 2001.
Trilegiant's Board of Directors at December 31, 2003 was comprised of two directors elected by the Trilegiant management (as the common shareholders) and two directors elected by Cendant (as the sole preferred shareholder).
Defined Contribution Savings Plans
The Company sponsors several defined contribution savings plans that provide certain eligible employees of the Company an opportunity to accumulate funds for retirement. The Company matches the contributions of participating employees on the basis specified by the plans. The Company's cost for contributions to these plans was $71 million, $62 million and $49 million during 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.
Defined Benefit Pension Plans
The Company sponsors domestic non-contributory defined benefit pension plans, which cover certain eligible employees. The majority of the employees participating in these plans are no longer accruing benefits. Additionally, the Company sponsors contributory defined benefit pension plans in certain foreign subsidiaries with participation in the plans at the employees' option. Under both the domestic and foreign plans, benefits are based on an employee's years of credited service and a percentage of final average compensation or as otherwise described by the plan. As of December 31, 2003 and 2002, the aggregate projected benefit obligation of these plans was $499 million and $466 million, respectively, and the aggregate fair value of the plans' assets was $337 million and $291 million, respectively. Accordingly, the plans were underfunded by $162 million and $175 million as of December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively, primarily due to the downturn in the financial markets and a decline in interest rates. However, the net pension liability recorded by the Company (primarily as a component of other non-current liabilities) as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 approximated $159 million and $158 million, respectively, of which approximately $94 million as of both December 31, 2003 and 2002, represents additional minimum pension liability recorded as a charge to other comprehensive income. The Company's policy is to contribute amounts sufficient to meet minimum funding requirements as set forth in employee benefit and tax laws plus such additional amounts the Company determines to be appropriate. During 2003 and 2002, the Company recorded pension expense of $16 million and $9 million, respectively. The expense recorded during 2001 was not material.
Other Employee Benefit Plans
The Company also maintains health and welfare plans for certain domestic subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2003 and 2002, the related projected benefit obligation, which was fully accrued for on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets (included primarily within other non-current liabilities), was $60 million and $71 million, respectively. During 2003 and 2002, the Company recorded post-retirement income of $18 million (including $23 million of post-retirement income resulting from plan amendments, partially offset by $5 million of expense) and post-retirement expense of $7 million,
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respectively, related to these plans. The expense recorded during 2001 was not material. The $23 million of post-retirement income recorded in 2003 (discussed above) resulted from amendments made to the plan whereby coverage for all retirees over age 65 and for certain employees under the age of 50 was eliminated and the participant premiums were increased. All post-retirement income (expense) is recorded within general and administrative expenses on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.
RISK MANAGEMENT
Following is a description of the Company's risk management policies.
Foreign Currency Risk
The Company uses foreign currency forward contracts to manage its exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates associated with its foreign currency denominated receivables and forecasted royalties, forecasted earnings of foreign subsidiaries and forecasted foreign currency denominated acquisitions. The Company primarily hedges its foreign currency exposure to the British pound, Canadian dollar, Australian dollar and Euro. The majority of forward contracts utilized by the Company do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS No. 133. The fluctuations in the value of these forward contracts do, however, largely offset the impact of changes in the value of the underlying risk that they are intended to economically hedge. Forward contracts that are used to hedge certain forecasted royalty receipts and forecasted disbursements up to 12 months are designated and do qualify as cash flow hedges. The impact of these forward contracts was not material to the Company's results of operations or financial position, nor is the amount of gains or losses the Company expects to reclassify from other comprehensive income to earnings over the next 12 months.
Interest Rate Risk
Mortgage Servicing Rights. The Company's mortgage servicing rights asset is subject to substantial interest rate risk as the mortgage notes underlying the MSR asset permit the borrower to prepay the loan. Therefore, the value of the MSR asset tends to diminish in periods of declining interest rates and increase in periods of rising interest rates. The Company uses a combination of derivative instruments (including option contracts, interest rate swaps and constant maturity floors) and other investment securities to offset unexpected changes in fair value on its MSR asset that could affect reported earnings. These derivatives are designated as either freestanding derivatives or fair value hedging instruments and recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded to current earnings. The change in fair value for the hedged portion of the MSR asset is also recorded to current earnings.
During 2003, 2002 and 2001, the net impact of the Company's derivative activity related to its MSR asset after giving effect to the offsetting changes in fair value of the MSR asset was a gain of $163 million, $115 million and $3 million, respectively. The 2003 amount consists of gains of $155 million to reflect the ineffective portion of the fair value hedges and gains of $8 million resulting from the component of the derivatives' fair value excluded from the assessment of effectiveness (as such amount relates to freestanding derivatives). The 2002 amount consists of gains of $48 million to reflect the ineffective portion of the fair value hedges and gains of $67 million resulting from the component of the derivatives' fair value excluded from the assessment of effectiveness (as such amount relates to freestanding derivatives). The 2001 amount consists of losses of $57 million to reflect the ineffective portion of the fair value hedges and gains of $60 million resulting from the component of the derivatives' fair value excluded from the assessment of effectiveness (as such amount relates to freestanding derivatives).
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Other Mortgage Related Assets. The Company's other mortgage-related assets are subject to interest rate risk created by (i) its commitments to finance mortgages to borrowers who have applied for loan funding and (ii) loans held in inventory awaiting sale into the secondary market. The Company uses derivative instruments (including futures, options and forward delivery contracts) to economically hedge its commitments to fund mortgages. Commitments to fund mortgages and related hedges are classified and accounted for as freestanding derivatives. Accordingly, these positions are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded to current earnings and generally offset the fair value changes recorded relating to the underlying assets. During 2003, 2002 and 2001, the net impact of these freestanding derivatives was a loss of $24 million and gains of $14 million and $5 million, respectively. Such amounts are recorded within net revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Interest rate and price risk stemming from loans held in inventory awaiting sale into the secondary market (which are classified on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as mortgage loans held for sale) may be hedged with mortgage forward delivery contracts. These forward delivery contracts fix the forward sales price which will be realized in the secondary market and thereby substantially eliminate the interest rate and price risk to the Company. Such forward delivery contracts are either classified and accounted for as fair value hedges or freestanding derivatives. Those contracts that were designated as fair value hedges had no net impact on the Company's results of operations during 2003, 2002 and 2001. For the forward delivery contracts that were designated as freestanding derivatives, the Company recorded a loss of $6 million in 2003 (there were no freestanding contracts in 2002 and 2001). Such amount is recorded within net revenues on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Debt. The debt used to finance much of the Company's operations is also exposed to interest rate fluctuations. The Company uses various hedging strategies and derivative financial instruments to create a desired mix of fixed and floating rate assets and liabilities. Derivative instruments currently used in these hedging strategies include swaps and instruments with purchased option features. The derivatives used to manage the risk associated with the Company's fixed rate debt were designated as fair value hedges and were perfectly effective resulting in no net impact on the Company's results of operations during 2003, 2002 and 2001, except to create the accrual of interest expense at variable rates. During 2003 and 2002, the Company terminated certain of its fair value hedges, which resulted in cash gains of $200 million and $65 million, respectively. Such gains are deferred and being recognized over future periods as an offset to interest expense. During 2003 and 2002, the Company recorded $50 million and $14 million, respectively, of such amortization. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company's long-term debt balance included $201 million and $51 million, respectively, of such deferred gains.
The derivatives used to manage the risk associated with the Company's floating rate debt were designated as cash flow hedges. During 2003, 2002 and 2001, the Company recorded a net gain of $36 million and net losses of $8 million and $33 million, respectively, to other comprehensive income. The amount of gains or losses reclassified from other comprehensive income to earnings resulting from ineffectiveness or from excluding a component of the derivatives' gain or loss from the effectiveness calculation for cash flow hedges during 2003, 2002 and 2001 was not material. The Company expects to reclassify losses of $19 million from other comprehensive income to earnings during the next 12 months.
Homestore Price Risk
During fourth quarter 2003, the Company entered into an equity range forward contract to facilitate the sale of 3.4 million shares of Homestore common stock in January and February 2004
at prices between $3.33 and $3.89. This derivative is intended to protect the Company from fluctuations in the market price of such stock until the sales occur. Accordingly, the Company designated the
equity range forward contract as a cash flow hedge of a forecasted transaction (the sale of stock in January
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and February 2004). During 2003, the Company recorded $2 million of net losses to other comprehensive income in connection with this cash flow hedge, which will be reclassified to earnings upon sale of the underlying shares in January and February 2004. See Note 30Subsequent Events for additional details regarding the sale of Homestore shares pursuant to this equity range forward.
Credit Risk and Exposure
The Company is exposed to counterparty credit risks in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to various agreements and sales transactions. The Company manages such risk by evaluating the
financial position and creditworthiness of such counterparties and for requiring collateral in instances in which financing is provided. The Company mitigates counterparty credit risk associated with
its derivative contracts by monitoring the amount for which it is at risk with each counterparty to such contracts, periodically evaluating counterparty creditworthiness and financial position, and
where possible, dispersing its risk among multiple counterparties.
As of December 31, 2003, there were no significant concentrations of credit risk with any individual counterparty or groups of counterparties other than risks related to the Company's repurchase agreements with automobile manufacturers (see Note 2Summary of Significant Accounting Policies). Concentrations of credit risk associated with receivables are considered minimal due to the Company's diverse customer base. Bad debts associated with trade receivables have been minimal. With the exception of the financing provided to customers of its timeshare and mortgage businesses, the Company does not normally require collateral or other security to support credit sales.
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FAIR VALUE
The fair value of financial instruments is generally determined by reference to market values resulting from trading on a national securities exchange or in an over-the-counter market. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques, as appropriate. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, available-for-sale securities, accounts receivable, program cash, relocation receivables and accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these assets and liabilities. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of all financial instruments at December 31, are as follows:
|
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Carrying Amount |
Estimated Fair Value |
Carrying Amount |
Estimated Fair Value |
|||||||||||
Assets | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 839 | $ | 839 | $ | 125 | $ | 125 | |||||||
Restricted cash | 448 | 448 | 307 | 307 | |||||||||||
Preferred stock investments in related parties | | | 87 | 87 | |||||||||||
Investment in Homestore (a) | 81 | 81 | | | |||||||||||
Other preferred stock investments and marketable securities | 16 | 16 | 14 | 14 | |||||||||||
Debt | |||||||||||||||
Current portion of long-term debt | 1,629 | 1,791 | 30 | 30 | |||||||||||
Long-term debt, excluding Upper DECS | 3,510 | 3,892 | 5,571 | 5,554 | |||||||||||
Upper DECS | 863 | 864 | 863 | 556 | |||||||||||
Mandatorily redeemable preferred interest in a subsidiary | | | 375 | 375 | |||||||||||
Derivatives (c) | |||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange forwards | 1 | 1 | (4 | ) | (4 | ) | |||||||||
Equity range forward | (3 | ) | (3 | ) | | | |||||||||
Interest rate swaps | (170 | ) | (170 | ) | 38 | 38 | |||||||||
Assets under management and mortgage programs | |||||||||||||||
Program cash | 542 | 542 | 354 | 354 | |||||||||||
Mortgage loans held for sale | 2,494 | 2,528 | 1,923 | 1,958 | |||||||||||
Relocation receivables | 534 | 534 | 148 | 148 | |||||||||||
Timeshare contract receivables | 1,372 | 1,372 | 401 | 401 | |||||||||||
Mortgage servicing rights, net | 1,641 | 1,641 | 1,380 | 1,380 | |||||||||||
Derivatives related to mortgage servicing rights | 316 | 316 | 385 | 385 | |||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities (a) | 102 | 102 | 114 | 114 | |||||||||||
Retained interest in securitization of timeshare receivables (b) | 81 | 81 | 274 | 274 | |||||||||||
Retained interest in securitization of relocation receivables (a) | | | 91 | 91 | |||||||||||
Derivatives (c) (d) | |||||||||||||||
Commitments to fund mortgages | 18 | 18 | 63 | 63 | |||||||||||
Forward delivery commitments | (27 | ) | (27 | ) | (82 | ) | (82 | ) | |||||||
Interest rate swaps | (39 | ) | (39 | ) | | | |||||||||
Option contracts | 132 | 132 | 309 | 309 | |||||||||||
Constant maturity floors | 1 | 1 | 124 | 124 | |||||||||||
Liabilities under management and mortgage programs | |||||||||||||||
Debt | 14,702 | 14,917 | 12,639 | 12,688 | |||||||||||
Derivatives related to mortgage servicing rights (c) | (231 | ) | (231 | ) | | | |||||||||
Derivatives (c) | |||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps | (83 | ) | (83 | ) | (108 | ) | (108 | ) | |||||||
Interest rate swaps | 18 | 18 | 58 | 58 | |||||||||||
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26. Dispositions of Businesses
During 2001, the Company recognized gains aggregating $443 million on the dispositions of several non-strategic businesses ($436 million related to the disposition of the former move.com business and ancillary businessessee discussion below, and $7 million related to the disposition of several other non-strategic businesses). During 2001, the Company also recognized losses of $26 million on the disposition of several non-strategic businesses. None of these businesses were material to the Company's results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Sale of Move.com and Ancillary Businesses
On February 16, 2001, the Company completed the sale of its real estate Internet portal, move.com, along with certain ancillary businesses to Homestore in exchange for approximately 21 million shares (representing a 20.2% ownership interest on such date) of Homestore common stock, then-valued at $718 million.
The Company recorded a gain of $548 million on the sale of these businesses, of which $436 million ($262 million, after tax) was recognized at the time of closing. The Company deferred $112 million of the gain, which represented the portion that was equivalent to its common equity ownership percentage in Homestore at the time of closing. The deferred gain was being recognized into income over five years as a component of equity in Homestore within the Consolidated Statement of Income. During 2001, the Company recognized $35 million of this deferred gain, which is reflected as a component of losses related to equity in Homestore, net of tax on the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. The difference between the value of the Company's investment in Homestore and the underlying equity in the net assets of Homestore was $431 million, which was also being amortized over five years as a component of equity in Homestore within the Consolidated Statement of Income. Such difference was reduced by $135 million during 2001, of which $66 million represented amortization, which is reflected as a component of losses related to equity in Homestore, net of tax on the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. The remaining $69 million primarily related to (i) the contribution of approximately 1.5 million shares of Homestore common stock to Trip Network, Inc., formerly Travel Portal, Inc. and (ii) the distribution of 1.7 million shares of Homestore common stock to former Move.com common stockholders in exchange for then-outstanding shares of Move.com common stock (see Note 28Related Party Transactions for a detailed discussion of the Company's relationship with Trip Network).
See Note 2Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for a detailed discussion of the Company's accounting for its investment in Homestore. The Company's relationship with Homestore is primarily limited to its equity ownership interest and commercial agreements, which are not material to the Company.
27. Segment Information
Management evaluates the operating results of each of its reportable segments based upon revenue and "EBITDA," which is defined as income from continuing operations before non-program related depreciation and amortization, non-program related interest, amortization of pendings and listings, income taxes and minority interest. On June 25, 2004, in connection with the IPO of Jackson Hewitt, the Company changed the name of its former Financial Services segment to the Marketing Services segment. Also, on January 1, 2004, the Company changed its segment reporting structure in order to continue to improve the transparency of its financial results. Additionally, on January 1, 2003, the Company changed its performance measure used to evaluate the operating results of its reportable segments and, as such, the information presented below for 2002 and 2001 has been revised to reflect this change. The Company's presentation of EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies.
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Year Ended December 31, 2003
|
Real Estate Franchise and Operations |
Mortgage Services |
Hospitality Services |
Travel Distribution Services |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Net revenues (a) | $ | 5,258 | $ | 1,483 | $ | 2,523 | $ | 1,659 | ||||
EBITDA | 892 | 380 | 633 | 459 | ||||||||
Non-program depreciation and amortization | 91 | 30 | 103 | 110 | ||||||||
Segment assets exclusive of assets under programs (b) | 3,847 | 986 | 4,531 | 4,000 | ||||||||
Assets under management and mortgage programs | 544 | 4,722 | 1,869 | | ||||||||
Capital expenditures | 53 | 31 | 88 | 100 |
|
Vehicle Services |
Marketing Services |
Corporate and Other (c) |
Total |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Net revenues (a) | $ | 5,851 | $ | 1,224 | $ | 17 | $ | 18,015 | ||||
EBITDA | 442 | 296 | (38 | ) | 3,064 | |||||||
Non-program depreciation and amortization | 90 | 50 | 33 | 507 | ||||||||
Segment assets exclusive of assets under programs (b) | 5,111 | 1,107 | 1,341 | 20,923 | ||||||||
Assets under management and mortgage programs | 10,450 | | 8 | 17,593 | ||||||||
Capital expenditures | 139 | 11 | 36 | 458 |
Year Ended December 31, 2002
|
Real Estate Franchise and Operations |
Mortgage Services |
Hospitality Services |
Travel Distribution Services |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Net revenues (a) | $ | 3,950 | $ | 750 | $ | 2,180 | $ | 1,695 | ||||
EBITDA | 802 | 30 | 625 | 526 | ||||||||
Non-program depreciation and amortization | 89 | 25 | 96 | 92 | ||||||||
Segment assets exclusive of assets under programs (b) | 3,618 | 1,102 | 4,680 | 4,088 | ||||||||
Assets under management and mortgage programs | 239 | 3,802 | 685 | | ||||||||
Capital expenditures | 46 | 27 | 67 | 97 |
|
Vehicle Services |
Marketing Services |
Corporate and Other (c) |
Total |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Net revenues (a) | $ | 4,274 | $ | 1,163 | $ | 13 | $ | 14,025 | ||||
EBITDA | 408 | 371 | (200 | ) | 2,562 | |||||||
Non-program depreciation and amortization | 64 | 54 | 35 | 455 | ||||||||
Segment assets exclusive of assets under programs (b) | 5,134 | 1,056 | 515 | 20,193 | ||||||||
Assets under management and mortgage programs | 10,421 | | 33 | 15,180 | ||||||||
Capital expenditures | 100 | 18 | 35 | 390 |
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Year Ended December 31, 2001
|
Real Estate Franchise and Operations |
Mortgage Services |
Hospitality Services |
Travel Distribution Services |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Net revenues (a) | $ | 1,097 | $ | 764 | $ | 1,522 | $ | 437 | ||||
EBITDA | 480 | 239 | 450 | 78 | ||||||||
Non-program depreciation and amortization | 88 | 28 | 119 | 26 | ||||||||
Capital expenditures | 19 | 22 | 70 | 22 |
|
Vehicle Services |
Marketing Services |
Corporate and Other (c) |
Total |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Net revenues (a) | $ | 3,402 | $ | 1,320 | $ | 70 | $ | 8,612 | ||||
EBITDA | 226 | 262 | (381 | ) | 1,354 | |||||||
Non-program depreciation and amortization | 102 | 58 | 41 | 462 | ||||||||
Capital expenditures | 74 | 36 | 58 | 301 |
Provided below is a reconciliation of EBITDA to income before income taxes, minority interest and equity in Homestore.
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
|||||||
EBITDA | $ | 3,064 | $ | 2,562 | $ | 1,354 | ||||
Non-program related depreciation and amortization | (507 | ) | (455 | ) | (462 | ) | ||||
Non-program related interest expense, net | (306 | ) | (262 | ) | (254 | ) | ||||
Early extinguishments of debt | (58 | ) | (42 | ) | | |||||
Amortization of pendings and listings | (20 | ) | (256 | ) | | |||||
Income before income taxes, minority interest and equity in Homestore | $ | 2,173 | $ | 1,547 | $ | 638 | ||||
The geographic segment information provided below is classified based on the geographic location of the Company's subsidiaries.
|
United States |
United Kingdom |
All Other Countries |
Total |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2003 | ||||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 15,820 | $ | 429 | $ | 1,766 | $ | 18,015 | ||||
Total assets (a) | 35,136 | 1,021 | 2,359 | 38,516 | ||||||||
Net property and equipment | 1,561 | 57 | 145 | 1,763 | ||||||||
2002 | ||||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 12,094 | $ | 389 | $ | 1,542 | $ | 14,025 | ||||
Total assets (a) | 32,247 | 860 | 2,266 | 35,373 | ||||||||
Net property and equipment | 1,567 | 50 | 119 | 1,736 | ||||||||
2001 | ||||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 7,756 | $ | 240 | $ | 616 | $ | 8,612 |
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28. Related Party Transactions
During 2003, the Company acquired 100% ownership of Trip Network and FFD. In 2002, the Company acquired 100% ownership of NRT and Tax Services of America, Inc. and, in 2001, the Company acquired 100% ownership of Avis. See Note 4Acquisitions for more detailed information on these acquisitions. Prior to the Company's acquisition of these businesses, the Company and these businesses were engaged in certain related party transactions. Certain of the Company's officers may have served on the Board of Directors of these entities, but in no instances did they constitute a majority of the Board.
Trip Network, Inc.
As previously discussed in Note 4Acquisitions, the Company acquired a majority interest in Trip Network on March 31, 2003. Accordingly, Trip Network has been included in the
Company's consolidated results of operations, cash flows and financial position since March 31, 2003. Trip Network was created in March 2001 through the Company's contribution of assets
valued at approximately $20 million in exchange for all of the common and preferred stock of Trip Network. At such time, Cendant unilaterally transferred all of the common shares of Trip
Network to the Hospitality Technology Trust ("HTT") and retained the preferred stock of Trip Network and warrants to purchase up to 28,250 shares of Trip Network's common stock. Trip Network provided
travel services to both Cendant's franchisees as well as non-franchisees and, as such, Cendant's initial contribution of the Trip Network common stock to HTT supported its lodging
franchise business model whereby Cendant endeavored to avoid direct competition with its franchisees for the sale of transient hotel rooms. HTT was an independent technology trust that was controlled
by three independent trustees who are not officers, directors or employees of Cendant or relatives of officers, directors or employees of Cendant. HTT was established in 1997 for purposes of enhancing
and promoting the use of advanced technology for the Company's lodging brands, its beneficiaries, including providing financial and technology support services and investing in Internet related
activities for the benefit of its beneficiaries. The hotel franchise chains agreed to link their brand and property web sites to Trip.com because of, for among other reasons, their beneficial interest
in HTT. After Cendant's acquisition of Trip Network, HTT was dissolved pursuant to the original trust agreement. A hotel franchise chain was not required to make any contributions to Trip Network in
order for the franchisee's brand and property to be included on Trip Network's web site. Trip Network earned a commission on all hotel rooms sold on its web site, including those sold by Cendant's
hotel franchise chains, at market rates ranging from 8 to 10%. Management believed that the enhanced functionality for the brand and property web-pages provided by Trip.com links would
help build customer loyalty and avoid the problem of viewers leaving the brand and property web sites for the sites of competitors. Additionally, management believed that the aggregate links of all
franchisee properties would create critical mass and web-traffic for Trip Network, further enhancing its ability to be successful. If Trip Network were successful, management believed the
common shares would likely have appreciated in value. The liquidation of shares (representing HTT's equity stake, which approximated 20% of Trip Network's common stock on a fully diluted basis as of
December 31, 2002) would have provided HTT with further resources to pursue its stated objectives.
In 2001, the Company contributed $85 million, including $45 million in cash and 1.5 million shares of Homestore common stock then-valued at $34 million, to Trip Network for the purpose of pursuing the development of an online travel business for the benefit of certain of its current and future franchisees. This arrangement was consistent with the Company's strategy of creating a single platform to research and develop Internet related products within an integrated business plan. Since the Company did not have the in-house expertise to develop new technology for Internet web sites, the Company outsourced the development of certain Internet assets and website features to Trip Network through the existing arrangement. Since the advance was repayable to the Company only if the development resulted in the achievement of certain financial results, such amount was expensed
F-74
by the Company during 2001 and was included as a component of restructuring and other unusual charges in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
During 2003 (from January through March) and 2002, the Company derived revenues of $1 million and $3 million, respectively, from two separate lease and licensing agreements with Trip Network, which were entered into during October 2001 (the revenue recorded during 2001 was insignificant). In connection with these agreements, Trip Network was granted a license to operate the online businesses of Trip.com, Inc. and Cheap Tickets (both wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company) and a lease or sublease, as applicable, to all the assets of these companies necessary to operate such businesses. The Trip.com license agreement had a one-year term and was renewable at Trip Network's option for 40 additional one-year periods. The Cheaptickets.com license agreement had a 40-year term. Under these agreements, the Company received a license fee of 3% of revenues generated by Trip.com and Cheaptickets.com during the term of the agreements. The royalty rate was negotiated with and approved by Trip Network's board of directors. The Company proposed this royalty rate based upon market rate analysis of similar licensing type agreements. In connection with this agreement, the Company also received warrants to purchase up to 46,000 shares of Trip Network common stock, which were exercisable, at the Company's option, at a price of $0.01 per share, upon the achievement of certain financial results beginning in October 2003 or upon a change of control of Trip Network. The warrants were also negotiated with and approved by Trip Network's board of directors.
During 2002, the Company also recognized $5 million of revenue in connection with a travel services agreement with Trip Network (the revenue recorded during 2003 and 2001 was de minimis). In connection with this agreement, the Company provided Trip Network with call center services, processed and supported Trip Network's booking and fulfillment of travel transactions and provided travel-related products and services to maintain and develop relationships, discounts and favorable commissions with travel vendors. For these services, the Company received a fee of cost plus an applicable mark-up (6%), which was determined based upon an examination of profit margins in the travel agency industry.
Additionally, during October 2001, the Company entered into a 40-year global distribution services subscriber agreement with Trip Network, whereby the Company provided all global distribution services for Trip Network. Pursuant to such agreement, the Company, through its Galileo subsidiary, received payments from airlines, car rental agencies and hoteliers each time Trip Network booked a reservation using the Galileo global distribution system. As it is normal and customary for a global distribution system provider to pay incentive fees to a travel agency, the Company prepaid Trip Network $42 million as compensation for booking segments through Galileo. Accordingly, on the date of commitment, the Company recorded an asset of $42 million for prepaid incentive fees, which was being amortized over 40 years. Such amount was mutually agreed to and represented the projected discounted amount of incentive fees that the Company expected to pay Trip Network over the term of the 40-year licensing agreement. The Company benefited from such prepayment by receiving a discount on the lump sum payment of incentive fees upon consummation of the contract rather than paying a portion of the incentive fee in advance and a portion of the incentive fee as segments are booked. Amortization of the asset during 2003 (prior to the acquisition), 2002 and 2001 was not material. As of December 31, 2002, the prepaid asset approximated $41 million and was included within other non-current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
F-75
The preferred stock investment, which was convertible into approximately 80% of Trip Network's common stock on a fully diluted basis, was non-voting and accounted for using the cost method. The preferred stock investment was not convertible prior to March 31, 2003, except upon a change of control of Trip Network. As of December 31, 2002, the Company's preferred equity interest in Trip Network approximated $17 million and was included within other non-current assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. During the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, the Company did not record any dividend income relating to its preferred equity interest in Trip Network. The warrants were exercisable, at the Company's option, upon the achievement of certain financial results beginning on March 31, 2003 or upon a change of control of Trip Network at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The Company was not obligated or contingently liable for any debt incurred by Trip Network.
FFD Development Company, LLC
As previously discussed in Note 4Acquisitions, the Company acquired FFD on February 3, 2003. Accordingly, FFD has been included within the Company's consolidated results of
operations, cash flows and financial position since February 3, 2003. Prior to the Company's acquisition of Fairfield in April 2001, Fairfield operated its own property acquisition,
planning, design and construction functions. These functions were transferred by Fairfield to FFD immediately prior to the Company's acquisition of Fairfield, along with Fairfield employees who were
responsible for these functions. FFD was created by Fairfield to acquire real estate for construction of vacation ownership units that are sold to Fairfield upon completion.
Upon creation of FFD, Fairfield contributed approximately $60 million of timeshare inventory and $4 million of cash to FFD in exchange for all of the common and preferred equity interests of FFD. Fairfield then contributed all the common equity interests of FFD to an independent trust, FFD Trust, and retained a convertible preferred equity interest in FFD and a warrant to purchase FFD's common equity. In connection with the Company's acquisition of Fairfield, the Company (through its Fairfield subsidiary) acquired the preferred equity interest, which approximated $70 million as of December 31, 2002 and the warrant to purchase a common equity interest in FFD. The convertible preferred equity interest was convertible at any time. The warrant was not exercisable until April 2004 except upon the occurrence of specified events, including the Company's conversion of more than half of the preferred equity interest into common equity interests. The warrant was exercisable in whole or in increments of 25% upon payment in cash or in kind of an amount per percentage of common interest exercised, which was equal to the lower of 80% of the book value per common interest as of April 2, 2001 and 90% of the book value per common interest as of the warrant exercise date. During 2003 (prior to the acquisition), 2002 and 2001, the Company recognized dividend income on its preferred interest of $1 million, $11 million and $6 million, respectively, which was paid-in-kind on a quarterly basis based on an 18% annual return on its preferred equity interest in FFD. The dividend rate was agreed upon in FFD's amended operating agreement among Fairfield, FFD and FFD Trust. Upon the conversion of such preferred equity interests and the exercise of such warrant, the Company would own approximately 75% of FFD's common equity interests on a fully diluted basis.
Under the development contracts with FFD, the Company was obligated to purchase resort properties from FFD. However, the Company was not obligated to purchase the resort properties until construction was completed to the contractual specifications, a certificate of occupancy was delivered and clear title was obtained. During 2002 and 2001, the Company purchased $87 million and $40 million, respectively, of timeshare interval inventory and land from FFD. FFD was obligated to finance, plan, design and construct vacation ownership units according to Fairfield's specifications and deliver those units according to an agreed schedule and at agreed purchase prices. The schedule and prices allowed for FFD to charge cost plus an applicable mark-up, which was 16.3% and 17.4% in 2002 and 2001, respectively, including the sale of land. Such fee arrangement was provided for in the operating agreement between Fairfield and FFD. During 2002 and 2001, such fees approximated $13 million and $7 million, respectively, and were included within operating expenses on the
F-76
Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. The purchase price, which included FFD's fee, was agreed upon by Fairfield and FFD based upon the cost of construction. The delivery date was agreed upon by Fairfield and FFD based upon the time necessary to complete construction and when Fairfield required the completed inventory for sale and deeding to its customers. During 2003 (prior to the acquisition), the Company's purchases of timeshare interval inventory and land were de minimis. The Company also leased office space to FFD and provided various services to FFD (including general management services, information and technology support and human resources administration) in exchange for a fee, which approximated $1 million, $7 million and $5 million during 2003 (prior to the acquisition), 2002 and 2001, respectively.
Pursuant to the operating agreement, Fairfield had the right to appoint three persons to the six person board of managers of FFD and the remaining three members were appointed by the FFD Trust. As of December 31, 2002, the Company was not obligated or contingently liable for any obligations incurred by FFD.
NRT Incorporated
As previously discussed in Note 4Acquisitions, on April 17, 2002, the Company purchased all the outstanding common stock of NRT from Apollo Management, L.P. ("Apollo").
Accordingly, NRT has been included in the Company's consolidated results of operations and financial position since April 17, 2002. Prior to the Company's acquisition of NRT, the Company
maintained a preferred stock investment in NRT and NRT operated as a joint venture between the Company and Apollo that acquired independent real estate brokerages, converted them to one of the
Company's real estate brands and operated the brand under a 50-year franchise agreement with the Company. Reflected in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income within net revenues
are the following amounts associated with the Company's relationship with NRT prior to its acquisition:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 (a) |
2001 |
||||
Royalty and marketing fees | $ | 66 | $ | 220 | ||
Real estate referral fees (b) | 9 | 37 | ||||
Dividend income | 10 | 27 | ||||
Other fees (c) | 16 | 16 |
Also reflected in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income within non-program related depreciation and amortization expense during 2002 (prior to the acquisition) and 2001 was $7 million and $18 million, respectively, of amortization expense relating to the 50-year franchise agreements.
Tax Services of America, Inc.
On January 18, 2002, the Company acquired all the common stock of TSA for $4 million. Accordingly, TSA has been included in the Company's consolidated results of operations and financial
position since January 18, 2002. Prior to the Company's acquisition of TSA, the Company maintained a preferred stock investment in TSA and TSA operated as a joint venture between the Company
and two of its Jackson Hewitt subsidiary franchisees for the purpose of acquiring independent tax practices and converting them into Jackson Hewitt franchisees. In 1999, the Company initially funded
TSA with 80 tax preparation locations and $5 million in cash in exchange for a non-voting preferred stock investment. Simultaneously with the Company's contribution to TSA, the Company's joint
venture partners contributed a total of 40 tax preparation locations to TSA in exchange for shares of common stock of TSA. Reflected in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income within income
from
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discontinued operations is $9 million during 2001 of revenue generated from the Company's relationship with TSA. Revenues recorded by the Company during 2002 prior to its acquisition of TSA on January 18, 2002 were de minimis.
Avis Group Holdings, Inc.
As discussed in Note 4Acquisitions, on March 1, 2001, the Company purchased all the outstanding common stock of Avis. Accordingly, Avis has been included in the Company's
consolidated results of operations and financial position since March 1, 2001. Prior to the Company's acquisition of Avis, the Company maintained both a common and preferred equity interest in
Avis and licensed its Avis trademark to Avis pursuant to a license agreement. The Company's common stock investment in Avis, which approximated $128 million, and the Company's preferred equity
interest, which approximated $394 million, were included as components of Cendant's net investment in Avis upon consummation of the acquisition. Reflected in the Company's Consolidated
Statements of Income within net revenues for the period January 1, 2001 through March 1, 2001 (the date of acquisition) are royalty fees of $16 million, reservation and data
processing fees of $17 million and equity in earnings of $5 million.
Entertainment Publications, Inc.
At December 31, 2002, the Company had a $5 million (approximately 15%) common equity ownership interest in Entertainment Publications, Inc., which was accounted for using the
equity method. On November 21, 2002, Entertainment Publications, Inc. entered into a definitive agreement to merge with a third party unrelated to the Company. On March 25, 2003,
the Company sold its common stock investment in Entertainment Publications, Inc. for approximately $33 million in cash. The Company recorded a gain of approximately $30 million on
this disposition, which is included within other revenue on the Consolidated Statement of Income for 2003.
Provided below is selected unaudited quarterly financial data for 2003 and 2002. The underlying diluted per share information is calculated from the weighted average common and common stock equivalents outstanding during each quarter, which may fluctuate based on quarterly income levels, market prices and share repurchases. Therefore, the sum of the quarters' per share information may not equal the total year amounts presented on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
|
2003 (*) |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
First |
Second |
Third |
Fourth |
|||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 3,995 | $ | 4,591 | $ | 5,085 | $ | 4,344 | |||||||
EBITDA | $ | 639 | $ | 802 | $ | 955 | $ | 668 | |||||||
Non-program related depreciation and amortization | 126 | 126 | 126 | 129 | |||||||||||
Non-program related interest expense, net | 79 | 81 | 74 | 72 | |||||||||||
Early extinguishments of debt | 48 | 6 | 4 | | |||||||||||
Amortization of pendings and listings | 3 | 4 | 5 | 8 | |||||||||||
Income before income taxes and minority interest | $ | 383 | $ | 585 | $ | 746 | $ | 459 | |||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 257 | $ | 384 | $ | 490 | $ | 299 | |||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | 52 | (2 | ) | (4 | ) | (11 | ) | ||||||||
Cumulative effect of accounting change | | | (293 | ) | | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | 309 | $ | 382 | $ | 193 | $ | 288 | |||||||
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CD common stock per share information: |
|||||||||||||||
Basic | |||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 0.25 | $ | 0.38 | $ | 0.48 | $ | 0.30 | |||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | $ | 0.05 | $ | | $ | | $ | (0.01 | ) | ||||||
Net income | $ | 0.30 | $ | 0.38 | $ | 0.19 | $ | 0.29 | |||||||
Weighted average shares | 1,028 | 1,017 | 1,013 | 1,011 | |||||||||||
Diluted | |||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 0.25 | $ | 0.37 | $ | 0.47 | $ | 0.29 | |||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | $ | 0.05 | $ | | $ | | $ | (0.01 | ) | ||||||
Net income | $ | 0.30 | $ | 0.37 | $ | 0.19 | $ | 0.28 | |||||||
Weighted average shares | 1,040 | 1,039 | 1,039 | 1,042 | |||||||||||
CD common stock market prices: |
|||||||||||||||
High | $ | 13.95 | $ | 18.39 | $ | 19.30 | $ | 22.30 | |||||||
Low | $ | 10.56 | $ | 12.67 | $ | 16.94 | $ | 18.37 |
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|
2002 |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
First |
Second (a) |
Third (b) |
Fourth (c) |
|||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 2,529 | $ | 3,792 | $ | 3,834 | $ | 3,870 | |||||||
EBITDA | $ | 577 | $ | 781 | $ | 600 | $ | 604 | |||||||
Non-program related depreciation and amortization | 102 | 109 | 118 | 126 | |||||||||||
Non-program related interest expense, net | 65 | 61 | 68 | 68 | |||||||||||
Early extinguishments of debt | | 38 | 4 | | |||||||||||
Amortization of pendings and listings | | 194 | 45 | 17 | |||||||||||
Income before income taxes and minority interest | $ | 410 | $ | 379 | $ | 365 | $ | 393 | |||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 272 | $ | 242 | $ | 242 | $ | 253 | |||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | 70 | 21 | 8 | (6 | ) | ||||||||||
Loss on disposal from discontinued operations | | (256 | ) | | | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | 342 | $ | 7 | $ | 250 | $ | 247 | |||||||
CD common stock per share information: |
|||||||||||||||
Basic | |||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 0.28 | $ | 0.24 | $ | 0.23 | $ | 0.25 | |||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.02 | $ | 0.01 | $ | (0.01 | ) | ||||||
Loss on disposal from discontinued operations | $ | | $ | (0.25 | ) | $ | | $ | | ||||||
Net income | $ | 0.35 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.24 | $ | 0.24 | |||||||
Weighted average shares | 979 | 1,023 | 1,039 | 1,034 | |||||||||||
Diluted | |||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 0.27 | $ | 0.23 | $ | 0.23 | $ | 0.24 | |||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.02 | $ | 0.01 | $ | | |||||||
Loss on disposal from discontinued operations | | $ | (0.24 | ) | | | |||||||||
Net income | $ | 0.34 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.24 | $ | 0.24 | |||||||
Weighted average shares | 1,018 | 1,053 | 1,058 | 1,045 | |||||||||||
CD common stock market prices: |
|||||||||||||||
High | $ | 19.99 | $ | 19.03 | $ | 15.66 | $ | 12.88 | |||||||
Low | $ | 15.35 | $ | 15.15 | $ | 10.75 | $ | 9.04 |
30. Subsequent Events
Trilegiant
After completing a strategic review of the Trilegiant membership business and the Company's existing membership business and its Progeny Marketing Innovations ("Progeny") business during 2003 and as a
result of the impact of adopting FIN 46, the Company negotiated with Trilegiant to terminate the contractual rights and intellectual property license the Company had previously granted Trilegiant in
2001. The Company paid $13 million in cash on January 30, 2004 as consideration for such
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termination. The Company believes that it can achieve revenue and expense synergies by combining Progeny with the new-member marketing performed by Trilegiant. Additionally, as a result of the application of FIN 46, the Company has been consolidating the results of Trilegiant since July 1, 2003 even though it did not have managerial control of the entity. As a result of this transaction, the Company now has managerial control of Trilegiant through its majority representation on the Trilegiant board of directors. Immediately following consummation of this transaction, Cendant owned approximately 43% on a fully diluted basis.
In connection with the transaction, the Company has regained access to the various tradenames, trademarks, logos, service marks and other intellectual property that it had previously licensed to Trilegiant for its use in marketing to new members. Trilegiant will continue to collect membership fees from their members that existed as of January 30, 2004, including their renewals. The Company will provide fulfillment services (including collecting cash, paying commissions, processing refunds, providing membership services and benefits and maintaining specified service level standards) for Trilegiant's members in exchange for a servicing fee. Trilegiant will no longer have the ability to market to new members.
In connection with this new relationship, the Company executed the following contracts: (i) termination of leases of the Company's assets by Trilegiant, (ii) termination of the original third party administration agreement, (iii) a new third party administration agreement whereby the Company will perform fulfillment services for Trilegiant, (iv) leasing of certain Trilegiant fixed assets from Trilegiant, (v) offer of employment to substantially all of Trilegiant's employees and (vi) other incidental agreements. These contracts were negotiated on an arms-length basis and have terms that the Company's management believes are reasonable from an economic standpoint and consistent with what management would expect from similar arrangements with other parties. None of these contracts will have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements as the Company will continue to consolidate Trilegiant subsequent to this transaction. In connection with the Trilegiant transaction, the parties agreed to liquidate and dissolve Trilegiant in an orderly fashion when and if the number of Trilegiant members decreases below 1.3 million, provided that such dissolution may not occur prior to January 2007.
On January 30, 2004, Trilegiant had net deferred tax assets of approximately $121 million, which were mainly comprised of net operating loss carryforwards expiring in years 2021, 2022 and 2023. These deferred tax assets were fully reserved for by Trilegiant through a valuation allowance, as Trilegiant had not been able to demonstrate future profitability due to the large marketing expenditures incurred (new member marketing has historically been Trilegiant's single largest expenditure). However, given the fact that Trilegiant will no longer incur marketing expenses (as they no longer have the ability to market to new members as a result of this transaction) and any subsequent marketing will be conducted by the Company, the Company now believes that it is more likely than not that Trilegiant will generate sufficient taxable income (as it will continue to recognize revenue from Trilegiant's existing membership base in the form of renewals and the lapsing of the refund privilege period) to utilize its net operating loss carryforwards within the statutory periods. Accordingly, Trilegiant reversed the entire valuation allowance of $121 million in January 2004, which will result in a reduction to the Company's consolidated tax provision during first quarter 2004 of $121 million, with a corresponding increase in consolidated net income. The $13 million cash payment the Company made to Trilegiant to terminate the contractual rights and other intellectual property was also recorded by the Company as a component of its provision for income taxes line item on the Consolidated Statement of Income for first quarter 2004 and partially offsets the $121 million reversal of Trilegiant's valuation allowance.
On January 30, 2004, Trilegiant changed its legal name to TRL Group, Inc.
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In connection with the above transaction, the Company also acquired Trilegiant Loyalty Solutions, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Trilegiant, for $20 million in cash. Trilegiant Loyalty Solutions offers wholesale loyalty enhancement services primarily to credit card issuers.
Sale of Homestore Common Stock
During January and February 2004, the Company sold 3.4 million shares of Homestore common stock in exchange for approximately $13 million in cash, pursuant to the equity range
forward contract. Also, in January and February 2004, the Company sold 4.3 million shares of Homestore common stock in exchange for $19 million in cash.
Redemption of Zero Coupon Senior Convertible Contingent Notes
In connection with the Company's intention to redeem its outstanding zero coupon senior convertible contingent notes, virtually all holders elected to convert their notes into shares of CD common
stock. Accordingly, the Company issued approximately 22 million shares in exchange for approximately $430 million in notes (carrying value) during February 2004 and intends to use
available cash that otherwise would have been used to redeem these notes to repurchase a corresponding number of shares in the open market.
Share Repurchases
During January and February 2004, the Company repurchased 20.7 million shares of its CD common stock at an average price of $22.79 for aggregate cash of approximately
$471 million. On February 11, 2004, the Company's Board of Directors approved a $750 million increase in the common stock repurchase program. As of February 27, 2004, the
Company had $737 million availability under the Board-approved repurchase program.
Declaration of Dividend
On February 11, 2004, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.07 per common share, payable March 16, 2004 to stockholders of record February 23,
2004.
Sotheby's International Realty
On February 17, 2004, the Company acquired the domestic residential real estate brokerage operations of Sotheby's International Realty ("Sotheby's") and obtained the rights to create a
Sotheby's franchise system pursuant to an agreement to lease the Sotheby's name. Such license agreement has a 100-year term, which consists of an initial 50-year term and a
50-year renewal option. The Company will pay a licensing fee to Sotheby's Holdings, Inc., the former parent of Sotheby's, for the use of the Sotheby's name. The total cash purchase
price for these transactions was approximately $100 million.
* * * *
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